ICONARP - International Journal of Architecture and Planning

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/2242

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Accessibility Analysis of Urban Green Space: the Case of Erbil City
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Kemec, Serkan; Salar, Hassan Abdalkarim
Urban green areas are open spaces in urban areas that are mainly covered by vegetation. They can be public or private urban green spaces that include parks, community gardens, forests, and nature reserves. Parks are an important component of urban quality of life if they are well designed and accessible. Accessible parks contribute to physical activity among urban residents. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the most significant main accessibility factors that discourage the use of public urban green areas, and examine the extent to which they influence the use of green areas in residential areas of the city of Erbil. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2020 to measure the accessibility of green spaces using network analysis with GIS for Erbil city. The present study represents the first known investigation regarding the accessibility of public green spaces within the city of Erbil. The results show that for community parks, 68% of the population has access with a travel time of 5 minutes, 99% of the population has access with a travel time of 10 minutes, and 100% of the population has access with a travel time of 15 minutes. For district parks, 70% of the population had access with 5 minute drive time. With 10-minute drive time, 96% of the population had access and 100% of the population had access with 15-minute drive time. For neighborhood parks, the results show that 43% of the population had access with 5-minute walk and, 71% of the population had access with 10-minute walk. At 15-minute walk time, 80% of Erbil residents had access to neighborhood parks. Mini parks were accessed by 22% of the population with a 5 minute walk and they were accessed by 52% of the population with a 10 minute walk. With a 15 minute walk, mini parks were accessible to 70% of the population.
Analysis of Global Research Trends on Bim Studies in the Field of Architecture
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Öztürk Akbıyık, Selen; Arslan Selçuk, Semra
This paper reveals the results of a bibliometric analysis on BIM and architecture to analyze and determine how the current research trends in BIM literature have evolved and diversified in the discipline of architecture. Although there are currently bibliometric analysis reviews of BIM in the literature, these studies take either the BIM process from a general perspective or the engineering-construction sectors, urban design scale. This state-of-the-art study explains a bibliometric analysis of the literature's relationship between architecture and BIM. Through analyzing the data including keywords, authors, journals, institutions, citation rate etc., the relationship between BIM and architecture in all times till today has been mapped and visualized by using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science database and VOS viewer program. In addition, analyzing the current literature published between 2017-2022 was highlighted and the emerging fields in architectural research were revealed. Emerging fields today in architectural research under the scope of BIM have clustered according to the keywords and these keywords are mostly related to information technologies and automation. The goal of revealing these findings extensively is to inspire future research based on the gaps and missing information in the existing literature. The unique importance of this study is to generate a knowledge base for the relationship between BIM and architecture studies based on the data including keywords, authors, journals, universities, citation rate, etc., adopting the bibliometric approach. This study provides valuable information to BIM studies in architecture research for researchers and practitioners. The current state of the research field, trend topics, and the key scholars and universities were identified.
An Application of Consistency Testing for Spatial Plans: Case of Trabzon, Türkiye
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Öztürk Saka, Mihriban; Erdoğan, Aygün
The starting point of this study is the problematic perspective of focusing only on the final product in spatial planning, while ignoring the planning process, and a lack of certain standards/criteria of the evaluation stage for the internal and external consistencies of spatial plans. Although it has recently attracted significant interest in the field, the methodological use of evaluation is not widespread in planning practice. Evaluation, which is considered to be a simple checking duty in the Turkish planning system (TPS), is not considered in the related literature and legislation. Focusing on the “evaluation stage” of spatial planning, this paper aims to demonstrate the contribution of the previously developed Guideline for Evaluation of Spatial Plans (GESP) in testing and ensuring the consistency of different scale and types of plans prior to their approval. The first phase of the study focuses on the concept of evaluation, reviews a series of related literature for the evaluation of plans, and discusses the evaluation stage in the TPS. In the second phase, the consistency of the selected case area plansafter addition of new resources that comply with the input of the previously developed evaluation framework GESPis examined. This guideline, which is an analytical method proposal, is applied over the selected cases, involving the upper-scale plans that cover Trabzon province and lower-scale plans for some settlements that were selected from within this province. Consistencies of all the plan components (plan sheets, plan report, plan notes, plan legend) of plans with different scales for the case area were tested in terms of the criteria of the developed guideline. Most of these plans were found to be inconsistent, both internally and externally. In the study, it was determined that the plans in fact contained many inconsistencies on their approval without being subjected to such evaluation. Although the study did not focus on the frequency of evaluation of spatial plans, the parties that will make those evaluations, and how to use their output, it provides basis for future studies. The “evaluation stage”, an important theoretical issue in the international literature, is exemplified for both how it would be handled and tested in practice. Identifying the needs, processes, and problems related to the evaluation stage, mainly for its ex-ante stage, will allow the TPS to intervene in the preparation of plans before their approval. This may have a positive impact on the production of final plans that are more comprehensive, and do not require continuous changes during the planning process. The introduced use of the guideline will contribute to the limited number of studies, concerning the evaluation stage of the spatial plans in Türkiye, besides guiding the related possible legal regulations regarding the TP.
An Archetype of Architecture
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Khalid, Asma
Architecture is the art, and science of the built environment, where a multidisciplinary approach is prevalent. The paper tends to clarify architecture and explain its etymological meaning for an architectural student, practicing professional architect, and academic person. The paper suggests an archetype model using a combination of various logical terminologies that lead to the design of exquisitely defined words in human history. The manuscript relates each principal keyword as self-expressive for ARCHITECTURE. The research is based on the literal analysis of diverse content that covers the wider scope and application of architecture in qualitative research design. The note-taking series from different manuscripts that identify key areas in the field of ARCHITECTURE and their corresponding connection with each acronym was studied. The emerging themes consist of various parameters and help make strong arguments for the archetype model. The twelve emerging themes have been mapped using the mind-mapping technique in network diagrams. In the end, an archetype is explained, linking the connection of all keywords that prioritize the link with different aspects of architecture. Each letter refers to a specific term as A- Anthropometry, R-Responsive, C-Construction, H-History, I-Inspiration, T-Technology, E-Environment, C-Culture, T-Transformation, U-Utility, R-Resources, E-Economy. The author took help from the literature to reinforce the concept. In the end, an archetype is explained, linking the connection of all keywords with different aspects of architecture. The views expressed in the manuscript are based on a review analysis of existing information in the architectural discipline. It was difficult to include expert opinions due to the limitation of time and cost, and a more rigorous study can be planned later. The paper is based on the framework to benefit architectural students, academic people, and practicing architects and professionals about the range of approaches in ARCHITECTURE. Besides many definitions to expound, elucidate and clarify Architecture, the paper is novel in the approach of explaining the word ARCHITECTURE from a diverse perspective. Each letter has been an acronym with a term covering all significant aspects.
Architectural Distinctiveness of the 15th Century Ottoman Tombs in Skopje : Learning From the Recent Archeological Excavation
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Ibrahimgil, Ammar; Kudumoviç, Lana
Grave structures are architectural works reflecting the cultural accumulation, continuity and political power of societies. In addition, graveyards or necropolises and grave structures themselves, have an important contribution in shaping urban forms of cities. This article aims to evaluate the impact of crypted tombs (mezar odalı türbe), originating from the Kurgan culture of the Turks, in shaping the urban morphology of Skopje, as a Turkish city during the 15th century.Crypted tombs, which are very few in the Balkan geography, are a type of tombs mostly built during the Seljuk and Early Ottoman periods. The rich architectural forms and local aesthetic qualities of tombs have attracted a lot of research attention. As a result, tomb typology was defined by classifying the tombs according to the architectural peculiarities such as plan, volume shape, roofing system and applied materials. For the purpose of this paper, available sources were examined and the typology for six crypted tombs of Skopje was prepared. In addition, the archive documents describing the immediate surroundings of the tombs were examined, and the confusion of information about the tombs was clarified.After the definitions and typology of the tombs were determined, the locations of these tombs in the city of Skopje were defined, confirming the urban development approach applied since the Early Ottoman period.This paper relies on the results of Archaeological Excavation and Research Project of the Pasha Yiğit Bey Tomb, whichwas doneunder the auspices of the Şarık TARA, in Skopje, during which three crypted tombs were found beside the previously known ones.In this study, the tombs unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations are defined in the context of the 15th century Early Ottoman city structure. The crypted tombs found in Skopje are discussed for the first time in this study.
Architectural Inventories. Evolution of Graphic Documentation of Heritage
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Quintilla-Castán, Marta
One of the main problems of the inventory of architectural heritage is managing and storing large amounts of information in different formats, in addition to the need to organize and manage the information generated by collaborative work between the different technicians who participate in the documentation process. The solution involves the development of a model capable of incorporating information on a layered support and allowing analysis and management, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the building. To carry out this work, two methodologies have been selected to verify their effectiveness in the field of architectural heritage inventory, covering the specific needs of generating a complete graphic database of the building. The Arches platform, a free open source software developed to carry out inventories, has been chosen for its interoperability, specificity and all the characteristics and functions described above. In turn, a WebGIS has been developed using free software standards and technology, to examine the possibilities it offers in relation to specific inventory programs. As a result, the creation of an Information System of the Mudejar Architectural Heritage of Aragón has been proposed, with the purpose of integrating under a common support, all the documentation and graphic information available on the heritage asset. The research limitations are the creation of a geo-referenced database, with geometric information on each building, which addresses the cataloguing of more than 200 assets, due to the uniqueness of this architectural style. The information is stored complying with the documentation standards to ensure interoperability and accessibility to the data.
The Assessment of the Criteria of Social Infrastructure Within the Scope of Women-Friendly City Approach: The Example of Çiğli
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Güney, Mercan Efe; Tuncay, Beste; Tanrıverdi, Sıdal; Şanlı, Nurseli; Akbudak, Hacer; Ay, Filiz
The ability to reproduce, liberate and socialize individuals in a city directly depends on the existence of social infrastructure areas and the usability of these areas. Therefore, social infrastructure areas should be open to the use of all citizens and should meet the needs and demands of all citizens. This requirement depends on the consideration of the user profile as well as the conditions in the legislation. In other words, social infrastructure areas should, on the one hand, meet the criteria of distance and size per person as defined in the legislation, and on the other hand, they should be designed with the user profile in mind. Providing these two features means that the social infrastructure areas comply with the criteria of a woman-friendly city with an urban planning approach for everyone. Planning social infrastructure areas according to women-friendly city criteria is one of the basic requirements for the realization of gender equality. Therefore, city planning, as a science and profession, should produce a process and language that considers gender equality within the scope of social reinforcement areas. As long as this cannot be done, social equipment areas will be problem areas that only exist in the city. This article has been prepared in order to develop suggestions for examining and evaluating social infrastructure areas within the scope of the woman-friendly urban planning approach of city planning and producing solutions to the identified problems. The article presents a model that is open to development by proposing new principles on the approach of the women-friendly city to social infrastructure areas in terms of examination, evaluation, and solution proposition. The article aims to contribute to the increase of women-friendly cities and gender equality studies while revealing which data and how social infrastructure areas should be examined according to the legislation and women-friendly city criteria.
Augmented Reality for the Presentation of Cultural Heritage: On-Site Application and Evaluation of a Model
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Anay, Hakan; Özten, Ülkü; Ünal, Merve; Öztepe, Erhan
This paper comes out of a scientific study concerning development of an AR model for the presentation the archaeological site of Alexandria Troas for the visitor experience, and on-site application of this model, through a case, namely the Podium (or Forum) Temple, to investigate the nature of that experience provided by AR and its implications as well. The study is established upon the proposition that “AR is tailored to fit to provide a compatible, accessible, and sustainable presentation of historical built environments and archeological sites to public experience, while respecting much of the problem(atics) coming along with norms and privileges of historical heritage preservation and conservation.” Departing from this ultimate proposition, it sets out a framework of questions to address. This paper provides a summary of the whole research, followed by the detailed description of the methodology and process concerning the developed model’s on-site application, and a succinct presentation of its findings, finally, an account of the research as a means of testing the research questions. Findings confirm much of the assumptions deriving from the initial proposition and showed the great potential of AR towards this end as expected. A number of issues and problems were surfaced as well, some of which are oriented from the technologies concerning the AR itself, while others are related to the limitations of the proposed model and its on-site execution. Furthermore, the research indicated a number of matters to address and possible ways to expand such research. All in all, we argue that the research yielded a number of valuable results and insights in addressing the departing problem situation, while it also posed new questions and research paths to follow for new research.
Building Production Processes Planning and Management in Classical Greek Era; Comparison With Contemporary Practices
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Yılmaz, İbrahim
Through the example of the Classical Greek Era, the study focuses on seeking an answer to the question of whether managerial techniques and strategies were developed in building production processes in ancient times. The study aims to identify and examine the stages planned in the building production processes and the construction management and organization techniques developed during the Classical Greek period (VI.-IV. century BCE), which played an important role in the development of building art and to compare the practices of the Era with today's construction and management practices. The research methodology is based on the interpretation of historical data from the Classical Greek Era, consisting of construction texts written on stone slabs and their epigraphic explanations, and the comparison of the practices of the Era with contemporary practices. The stone slab samples with the construction texts used in the study were taken from the Sara B. Aleshire Center for Greek Epigraphic Studies catalogs at the University of Berkeley. The epigraphically analyzed descriptions of these inscriptions by different authors were obtained by searching the literature sources through the catalog numbers given to the samples. In the classical Greek Era, three main administrative public bodies made decisions on construction, planning, and managing the construction processes. These include the Senate, Ecclesia (people's assembly), and building commissions. By the decision of the people's assembly, building commissions were established to manage and supervise the construction process from a financial, administrative, and technical perspective. This research has contributed to the understanding that today's building production strategies and management theories have their roots in ancient times, thereby contributing to the universality of construction and management theory. Due to the dynamic nature of the research, the period analyzed was also compared with the current production management theories. The study's uniqueness lies in interpreting historical documents and observing and comparing current conditions. Hence, while the construction and management systems in the Classical Greek period are understood, two different processes are analyzed in their own contexts, and their differences and similarities are highlighted.
Career Barriers of Women Architects in the Construction Sector
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Aydın, Mevlüde; Erbil, Yasemin
It has been determined that the existing studies in the literature about women architects have remained in the background or ignored in the historical process, there are barriers they have encountered in the sector, their visibility in the sector is low and they have left the profession of architecture over time. However, it has been observed that it has not been investigated whether the career barriers that female architects encounter differ according to their career stages. The aim of this research is to fill the knowledge gap identified in this field in the literature and to reveal the career barriers faced by women architects.Quantitative research method was used in this study and data were collected by questionnaire method.It has been understood that the glass ceiling and sexist attitudes, which are among the career barriers of female architects, differ according to career stages.The limitations of the research are that the participation of the participants in the research is based on voluntariness, contacting people through online platforms due to Covid 19, the research is carried out in a limited time frame and the opinions of the participants are limited to the questions in the measurement tools.Within the construction industry, women architects face career barriers throughout their careers. Ensuring that more women architects take part in the construction sector will be an important step in reducing or eliminating such barriers. However, making individual efforts to prevent these barriers faced by female architects during their careers will not produce a real solution.The research is considered important in that it has not been investigated whether the career barriers found to be faced by female architects differ according to career stages and in this context,this study is the first of its kind.
Cittaslow Movement as a Tool To Strengthen the City Image: Case Study of Osmaneli (bilecik)
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Candan Hergül, Özlem; Göker, Parisa
Intense urbanization movements, unconscious usage of energy sources, along with rural-urban migration based on various reasons and rapid population growth are the common problems of today’s cities. The natural results of such problems can be summarized as the emergence of environments that are naked of aesthetics, changes in the habits of urban-dwellers with regards to their life styles and cultures, along with the negative impacts on the life quality of people. With this study, it is aimed to analyze the suitability of Osmaneli town to be a part of the Cittaslow Movement through the questionnaires to be conducted, along with identifying the physical effects of participating in this movement on the development of Osmaneli’s urban image, and developing planning & design suggestions. The historical and natural landscape elements of Osmaneli surviving to date, along with its characteristics that strengthen the city image, are analyzed within the scope of the study. Field surveys have been carried out within the scope of the study method. In this direction, questionnaire study was carried out in order to detect the elements that bear the city image characteristics and brand value, while also measuring the participation and compliance rate of the public in case of becoming a part of Cittaslow Movement. A city that wants to join the Slow City Movement must meet certain conditions and undertake to provide others. Osmaneli settlement is in a lucky position in this context. Since it is a small settlement in Bilecik, it was not affected much by urban interventions and preserved its original texture. In addition, strengthening the city image of Osmaneli and increasing its tourism potential will provide economic development to the city. In this context, various determinations and suggestions have been developed and a tourism route has been created for the identity elements of the city.
Cultural Perception Performance Assessment of Adaptively Reused Heritage Buildings: Kilis Eski Hamam Case Study
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) İslamoğlu, Esra; Karadayı Yenice, Tülay
Adaptive reuse of the built heritage can often result in damage to heritage values both during the adaptation and reuse processes -in many cases it can bear on building performance and user satisfaction. Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a well-known method of assessing building performance, and previous studies demonstrated the practicalityof employing POE in reused heritage building assessment. Yet, POE’s contribution to heritage conservation has not been comprehensively explored. This paper presents the findings of an indicative POE of a hammam building adapted into a restaurant as a casestudy. The case study building was evaluated through a series of walk-throughs, photographs, documentation, and a user survey. The POE has pointed to damage and authenticity loss in the building by reuse based on established conservation principles concerning intangible heritage values and cultural perception, resulting in a series of recommendations to prevent future deterioration and improve the performance of the building. A key observation is that data from the user survey do not coincide with the findings based on internationally acknowledged principles of conservation practice, which indicates that heritage awareness still has not been gained by the wider society. Hence, this study concludes that more research is required to examine the use of POEs in addressing heritage conservation issues and suggests a greater understanding of the role of POE surveys for a more valuableinsight intouser feedback. It also provides designers and decision-makers with matters to be taken in account regarding the prese rvation of authenticity when executing an adaptive reuse project for a heritage building.
Deciphering of the Architectural Program and Reprogramming: the Taşhan Region as a Critical Urban Point
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Okuyucu, Şerife Ebru; Kurt, Şükran
This study discussed the deciphering of the architectural program, and the relevant concept of intermediate space within architectural production, and it questioned reprogramming through the concept of intermediate space. The study covered the Taşhan Street and neighboring locations in the Turkish city of Afyonkarahisar. It was based on assessing and discussing the existing programming and reprogramming dynamics in the Taşhan Region, which is functionally developed for craftsmanship, and contributes to the art and culture of the region. At the end of all these discussions, the program, 'depending on the venue and the user; It was defined as the 'sequence of frozen events occurring in moments' and the moments when these events occurred, their potential situations in places were revealed by reprogramming method. In the context of taking momentary sections in Taşhan Region; The methods of observation made in certain time periods (on weekends with high visitors, between 12:00 and 17:00, in the evening when the jazz festival is held) in the spaces in the region and interviewing with the users of the space were used to decipher the architectural program. Another scientific method used in the study is to make content analysis of the space theories put forward in the conceptual context and to reveal the evaluation criteria of the architectural program of the Tashan Region with the sub-concepts obtained within the framework of the text-based analysis method. While deciphering the architectural program, the conceptual analyses of the space theories proposed were conducted in parallel with the aim of the study, and the assessment criteria for the architectural program in the Taşhan Region were presented by using the sub-concepts revealed following the analyses. In conclusion, based on the momentary sections from the actions that occurred in the Taşhan Region, spatial flexibility in meeting needs to be increased and the relationship between users and spaces was enriched with reprogramming.
Defining the Impacts of Historical Development Activities on Urban Heritage of İskenderun (alexandretta)
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Nalça Kıssaboylu, Canan; Kul, Fatma Nurşen; Rifaioğlu, Mert Nezih
İskenderun, also known as Alexandretta in antiquity, has long been a strategically significant port city in the Eastern Mediterranean thanks to its natural harbour. Due to its advantageous location, the settlement began to rapidly urbanize after the mid-19th century as a result of the impacts of Ottoman and later the French Mandate period development activities. This article focuses on defining the influences of historical development activities on the urban heritage of İskenderun by understanding and evaluating various efforts that lie behind the formation of the city as an important trade centre and port city connecting the Middle East, Asia Minor, and Europe. By doing so, the formation, development and transformation of the settlement are chronologically deciphered regarding its historical turning points: the mid-19th century Ottoman period, the beginning of the French Mandate period (1919), and the joining of İskenderun to the Republic of Türkiye (1939). Accordingly, the characteristics of the urban form, the ways these characteristics were transformed, and the problems and strategies encountered within different periods are decoded. This decoding employed a combined methodology, including historical interpretation and case study research methods. The results of the study reveal that İskenderun has experienced different solutions for problems of infrastructure within the different periods, as a reflection of different political understandings and public and social needs among those periods.
Design Approaches To Museum Open Spaces With User Evaluations
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Canbakal Ataoğlu, Nihan; Yavuz, Aysel; Acar, Habibe
The concept of the museum today should be considered as a social communication platform, and museums should be designed by taking into account the interaction and harmony of their open and closed spaces with the immediate surroundings. This study emphasizes the importance of museums for the city and discusses design approaches to museum open spaces with examples of their effective use and an evaluation of the opinions of their users. In order to shed light on today's museum exterior design approaches, evaluations of the design setup of the museum open spaces were carried out on the basis of literature research and spatial experiences of the museum examples visited. In addition, using the content analysis method, by creating statements about usage, satisfaction level, and expectations, a questionnaire was planned and designed to be applied to a volunteer user group. According to the examples given and the survey data, museum open space designs were carried out. Four groups of factors - planning and design, social, functional and perceptual-having the greatest impact on visitor satisfaction were identified. The examples given include a discussion of museum open space facilities, along with commentary from the literature. For the evaluation of the users, a survey was conducted with 74 people. The survey asked about their satisfaction levels and their expectations in terms of museums and open spaces. Since there was not chance to conduct face to face survey in pandemic conditions, the study was conducted that questioned the general qualifications. In addition to reaching the users visiting the museum were limited. When we look at the literature, multi-dimensional research has been carried out on museum architecture and design. However, no comprehensive study has been carried out on museum open spaces. Consequently, this study focused on the interaction between museum open spaces and visitors.
Determining and Ordering the Basic Evaluation Criteria in the Furniture Design Process
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Varol, Adem
It is seen that the design-oriented criteria in the furniture product have been analyzed through consumer or user preferences until today. However, the design criteria determined or evaluated through user preferences are not sufficient for the development of products. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the criteria in the design process in the furniture industry from an expert point of view, to determine the importance and weights of these criteria, and to develop standards. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the criteria and sub-criteria in the furniture design process, and to analyze the importance ratings and weights of these criteria relative to each other. AHP, which is one of the multiple decision-making methods, was applied for the literature review and the analysis of the importance and weights of the criteria and sub-criteria determined by five different experts in the field. A total of 4 main criteria and 25 sub-criteria were determined in order to evaluate the furniture design process with the opinion of experts. Accordingly, the main criterion that has the most importance when evaluating the furniture design process is functionality. This criterion is followed by technical, conceptual and aesthetic criteria, respectively. Planning in accordance with the intended use (functional), material quality (technical), sustainability (conceptual) and form / shape (aesthetic) are the most important sub-criteria under the basic criteria. The findings of the study have the potential to contribute to the objective evaluation of the instructors working in the institutions providing education in the field, to determine the evaluation criteria in national-international design competitions, or to make a joint group decision by multiple decision makers in the sector.
Determining Female Housing Users’ Housing Needs and Satisfaction Levels During the Pandemic
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) İslamoğlu, Özge
This study hypothesizes that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed housing users’ physical and psychosocial needs, and thus, their expectations of their residences. The study aims to determine what new needs housing users have and how satisfied they are with their residences. First, a literature search was conducted on residences and user needs and satisfaction. Second, surveys were conducted to identify the residential problems and needs of female users from Rize during the pandemic when people have been spending more time indoors since the preventive measures. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the results were expressed in figures and tables. The questionnaires were administered to female users, who are believed to be more responsible for household tasks than male users. Findings on users' residential use and satisfaction levels before and during the pandemic are presented in detail. In the last stage, the study made recommendations regarding the design of current residences and future ones based on the results. The survey results showed that participants had spent more time in their residences, used the rooms more often, performed different activities in the rooms, attached different meanings to their residences, and changed the norms regarding the use of the rooms since the pandemic. Depending on these changes, participants had new needs, made or considered making modifications, and encountered some problems during the process. The study aimed to develop design proposals for future residences by determining how the pandemic had affected current users and what new residential needs they had had since the pandemic began. In this study, the effects of this newly encountered process on residential spaces are revealed. In addition the results will contribute to the plans of new projects or existing residences.
Determining People's Design Priorities for Neighbourhood Units: a Study in Liverpool, Merseyside
(ICONARP, 2022) Levend, Sinan; Fischer, Thomas B.
Local planning authorities and developers aim at designing and regenerating neighbourhoods in which people want to live. However, this aim is difficult to achieve if participation is conducted poorly. As a result, people may live in places that are created according to the ideas of designers and the priorities of market conditions and not according to their own. Therefore, determining people's preferences is essential for livable and sustainable neighbourhood design. This paper introduces and tests a method for determining people's design preferences, namely an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The method is basedon making pairwise comparisons of key design principles and structural factors of neighbourhood units. The testing was conducted in Liverpool city centre. Here, it was established that participants' priorities in neighbourhood design are safety, affordable housing and accessibility, respectively. Also, participants prefer to live in non-gated detached and semi-detached housing communities. This article offers an empirical contribution to the participatory neighbourhood planning literatüre.
Determining Uhi Effect by Remote Sensing Method in Bolu City Centre, Turkey
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Kırkık Aydemir, Kıymet Pınar; Kazancı Altınok, Gamze; Ünsal, Ömer
Urban Heat Island (UHI) has been described by authors as the UHI effect is among the most common forms of human origin (anthropogenic) local climate change. The increasing UHI effect with the differences in land use and landscape pattern varies depending on surface soil, watery field presence and vegetation. In this study, using Landsat 5 TM of 1994 and Landsat 7 ETM+ images of 2019, the ArcGIS 10.6.1 program and the remote sensing methods have identified surface temperature and vegetation distribution. Surface temperature values of the land-use in Bolu province of 2019, 1/5000 Urban Development Plan land uses and average temperature values were determined. The study revealed the change between urban development and the effect of land surface temperature over the course of 25 years, and discussed the UHI effect in the Bolu province. The effects of the historical process in Bolu city center on land surface temperature (with LST differences) and vegetation distribution (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have been surveyed. The constraints of this study are that the spatial resolution in orthophotos of 1994 is low, and the type of land-use temperature data cannot be compared to 2019. For this reason, LST and NDVI analyzes were conducted in 1994 orthophotos, classifying all parcels with structure and related area in the form of manually constructed areas (built Environment). One of the findings of this study are surface temperatures of areas used as farmland in the year 1994 data reached higher values after they quickly began to urbanize in Bolu. The main reason for the high surface temperature in the Bolu province over the 25-year period is that agricultural areas are impurized and increasing population density and the albedo effect. It has been concluded that the lack of green space and lack of vegetation in the continuous urban area has increased the UHI effect.
Developing Social Sustainability Criteria and Indicators in Urban Planning: a Holistic and Integrated Perspective
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Atalay, Hilay; Gülersoy, Nuran Zeren
One of the main reasons for today’s urban problems is the disregarding of social sustainability in urban interventions and the lack of an approach that evaluates social sustainability with all its issues as a universal and holistic one. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine and categorize social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators to measure and to assess social sustainability for ensuring the sustainability of cities that could be used in all urban areas and applied in urban planning. Within this scope, social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators identified by international organizations and academic/scientific studies on different scales and in urban areas were evaluated systematically and analytically. A matrix has been generated according to the frequency of occurrence of social sustainability criteria and indicators. Although research studies focus on criteria and indicators according to scale, subject, and specified matters. It is a necessity to identify social sustainability criteria and indicators that can be used on every scale and in every urban area. Accordingly, ten criteria have been determined: population, accessibility, education and skills, health, housing, security, belonging, participation, social capital and social cohesion, urban life quality, satisfaction, and adequacy of services. Based on the criteria, targets, sub-targets, indicators, and indicator definitions for each criterion have been identified. However, the significance of each criterion is addressed, as well as the reasons for their necessity for social sustainability. This study proposes a universal, detailed, and holistic perspective for the measurement and assessment of social sustainability that enables the use of both quantitative and qualitative data together and envisages the use of mixed techniques in obtaining and evaluating data. In addition, criteria and indicator systems will be able to guide practitioners and policymakers to make decisions related to the social structure before and after the implementation of urban projects.

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