ICONARP - International Journal of Architecture and Planning

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/2242

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Determining and Ordering the Basic Evaluation Criteria in the Furniture Design Process
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Varol, Adem
It is seen that the design-oriented criteria in the furniture product have been analyzed through consumer or user preferences until today. However, the design criteria determined or evaluated through user preferences are not sufficient for the development of products. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the criteria in the design process in the furniture industry from an expert point of view, to determine the importance and weights of these criteria, and to develop standards. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine the criteria and sub-criteria in the furniture design process, and to analyze the importance ratings and weights of these criteria relative to each other. AHP, which is one of the multiple decision-making methods, was applied for the literature review and the analysis of the importance and weights of the criteria and sub-criteria determined by five different experts in the field. A total of 4 main criteria and 25 sub-criteria were determined in order to evaluate the furniture design process with the opinion of experts. Accordingly, the main criterion that has the most importance when evaluating the furniture design process is functionality. This criterion is followed by technical, conceptual and aesthetic criteria, respectively. Planning in accordance with the intended use (functional), material quality (technical), sustainability (conceptual) and form / shape (aesthetic) are the most important sub-criteria under the basic criteria. The findings of the study have the potential to contribute to the objective evaluation of the instructors working in the institutions providing education in the field, to determine the evaluation criteria in national-international design competitions, or to make a joint group decision by multiple decision makers in the sector.
Visibility and Globalization Levels of Architectural Firms Under the Influence of Internet and Internationalization: a Speculative Research
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Özkan Üstün, Gizem; Dinç Kalaycı, Pınar
In a world dominated by the Internet, visibility is becoming increasingly important, and the visibility of architectural firms has also increased with the impact of internationalization. Architectural firms are increasing their visibility, both through the rapid dissemination of information provided by the Internet and by starting to use social media tools. This article explores the relationship between the visibility and the globalization of architectural firms in the year 2022. The article challenges the perception that all well-known/visible architectural firms can be global. The research has two time periods. (before and after 1985, the Internet Revolution). During the data collection phase, 20,942 architectural firms were scanned; a cluster of 522 firms in 49 different countries was formed; 10 different variables were studied in these firms. The 10 variables examined were determined according to the common and majority characteristics of the globalized architectural firms (44 firms) founded before 1985. The investigated variables enabled us to determine the globalization and visibility characteristics of the architectural firms founded after 1985. In the analysis phase, the firms were separated according to their countries (49 countries) and the levels of visibility and globalization were calculated by taking the averages. The levels of visibility and globalization were determined at three levels: low, medium, and high. Not every architectural firm with high visibility has a high level of globalization; it has been determined that every company with a high level of globalization is not visible enough and that there is no homogeneous relationship between globalization and visibility levels. The originality of the research lies in the use of Archdaily, which allows the scanning of 20,942 architectural firms, as a data source and the documentation of its data in 2022.
Transfer of Social Uses, Meanings and Values Through Landscape Design; Case of Karagöz Square
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Mumcu, Sema; Akyol, Duygu
In this study, how landscape architecture students associate the traces of the past of a given site with their conceptual approaches and spatial components in the design process is discussed. Karagöz Square, located in the city center of Trabzon, has undergone dramatic and mostly negative changes from the past to the present in functional, visual and semantic terms. the area which is under urban transformation process in order to revitalize, to make it a part of urban life and in this context to regain its old functions has been given to students as the subject of design within the scope of Environmental Design Project IV course. Within the scope of this paper, how students investigated the past of design area and physical and social dimensions of collective memory, how they reflected on their conceptual approaches and main design decisions, and then through which spatial components and usage types these decisions were reflected on projects are determined and explained. In a design group of 9 students, 5 designs, conceptual approaches of which were based on the history of the city and the design area and traces left in collective memory were discussed in detail. As a result of the content analysis of the presentations and reports of the students it was determined that some students were inspired by the past functional (such as socialization) and semantic dimensions of the area (such as entertainment and play) or the physical components of the area (such as olive trees, amusement park-entertainment equipment). The other students were inspired by the historical features of the city of Trabzon (the empires of the past) or the traces of cultural features in the society such as Trabzonspor and determined their design approaches based on these. In line with these, spatial components and usage types-activities in the final products are detailed in this study. How collective memory can be a tool for determining conceptual approaches in landscape design is also discussed.
Building Production Processes Planning and Management in Classical Greek Era; Comparison With Contemporary Practices
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Yılmaz, İbrahim
Through the example of the Classical Greek Era, the study focuses on seeking an answer to the question of whether managerial techniques and strategies were developed in building production processes in ancient times. The study aims to identify and examine the stages planned in the building production processes and the construction management and organization techniques developed during the Classical Greek period (VI.-IV. century BCE), which played an important role in the development of building art and to compare the practices of the Era with today's construction and management practices. The research methodology is based on the interpretation of historical data from the Classical Greek Era, consisting of construction texts written on stone slabs and their epigraphic explanations, and the comparison of the practices of the Era with contemporary practices. The stone slab samples with the construction texts used in the study were taken from the Sara B. Aleshire Center for Greek Epigraphic Studies catalogs at the University of Berkeley. The epigraphically analyzed descriptions of these inscriptions by different authors were obtained by searching the literature sources through the catalog numbers given to the samples. In the classical Greek Era, three main administrative public bodies made decisions on construction, planning, and managing the construction processes. These include the Senate, Ecclesia (people's assembly), and building commissions. By the decision of the people's assembly, building commissions were established to manage and supervise the construction process from a financial, administrative, and technical perspective. This research has contributed to the understanding that today's building production strategies and management theories have their roots in ancient times, thereby contributing to the universality of construction and management theory. Due to the dynamic nature of the research, the period analyzed was also compared with the current production management theories. The study's uniqueness lies in interpreting historical documents and observing and comparing current conditions. Hence, while the construction and management systems in the Classical Greek period are understood, two different processes are analyzed in their own contexts, and their differences and similarities are highlighted.
Design Approaches To Museum Open Spaces With User Evaluations
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Canbakal Ataoğlu, Nihan; Yavuz, Aysel; Acar, Habibe
The concept of the museum today should be considered as a social communication platform, and museums should be designed by taking into account the interaction and harmony of their open and closed spaces with the immediate surroundings. This study emphasizes the importance of museums for the city and discusses design approaches to museum open spaces with examples of their effective use and an evaluation of the opinions of their users. In order to shed light on today's museum exterior design approaches, evaluations of the design setup of the museum open spaces were carried out on the basis of literature research and spatial experiences of the museum examples visited. In addition, using the content analysis method, by creating statements about usage, satisfaction level, and expectations, a questionnaire was planned and designed to be applied to a volunteer user group. According to the examples given and the survey data, museum open space designs were carried out. Four groups of factors - planning and design, social, functional and perceptual-having the greatest impact on visitor satisfaction were identified. The examples given include a discussion of museum open space facilities, along with commentary from the literature. For the evaluation of the users, a survey was conducted with 74 people. The survey asked about their satisfaction levels and their expectations in terms of museums and open spaces. Since there was not chance to conduct face to face survey in pandemic conditions, the study was conducted that questioned the general qualifications. In addition to reaching the users visiting the museum were limited. When we look at the literature, multi-dimensional research has been carried out on museum architecture and design. However, no comprehensive study has been carried out on museum open spaces. Consequently, this study focused on the interaction between museum open spaces and visitors.
A Spatial Configuration Oriented Control System as a Mobile App for Educational Facilities Design in Turkey
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Nayeb, Aslan; Tavşan, Cengiz
Facilities has decreased due to the developing technologies around the world. The main objective of this study is to offer an alternative solution in terms of architecture to the use of copy-type projects which are still used by the Ministry of Education in Turkey. In this direction, it is aimed to develop a software to make the spatial configuration of an educational structure in the design process controllable. In this study it is planned to design a feedback mechanism that architects can use in the educational structure design process. The data obtained as a result of expert interviews, examination of guidelines by the ministry and examination of existing types of projects with the space syntax technique were transformed into software language. As a result of analysis done, evaluations were presented in line with the obtained data and findings. Out of these a pre-notification mechanism was designed to be used in the design process of educational buildings. The feedback system, which is defined as educational buildings in the current article, can be applied in different areas such as clinics, hospitals, shopping centres and university buildings in the next stages. By using the mobile application that is emerged as a result of the research, the designers will be able to identify problematic spatial relationships by providing data to the application at different stages in the process of designing an educational structure. Thus, it will be able to intervene in a timely manner based on the problems it detects.
Analysis of Global Research Trends on Bim Studies in the Field of Architecture
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Öztürk Akbıyık, Selen; Arslan Selçuk, Semra
This paper reveals the results of a bibliometric analysis on BIM and architecture to analyze and determine how the current research trends in BIM literature have evolved and diversified in the discipline of architecture. Although there are currently bibliometric analysis reviews of BIM in the literature, these studies take either the BIM process from a general perspective or the engineering-construction sectors, urban design scale. This state-of-the-art study explains a bibliometric analysis of the literature's relationship between architecture and BIM. Through analyzing the data including keywords, authors, journals, institutions, citation rate etc., the relationship between BIM and architecture in all times till today has been mapped and visualized by using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science database and VOS viewer program. In addition, analyzing the current literature published between 2017-2022 was highlighted and the emerging fields in architectural research were revealed. Emerging fields today in architectural research under the scope of BIM have clustered according to the keywords and these keywords are mostly related to information technologies and automation. The goal of revealing these findings extensively is to inspire future research based on the gaps and missing information in the existing literature. The unique importance of this study is to generate a knowledge base for the relationship between BIM and architecture studies based on the data including keywords, authors, journals, universities, citation rate, etc., adopting the bibliometric approach. This study provides valuable information to BIM studies in architecture research for researchers and practitioners. The current state of the research field, trend topics, and the key scholars and universities were identified.
Augmented Reality for the Presentation of Cultural Heritage: On-Site Application and Evaluation of a Model
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Anay, Hakan; Özten, Ülkü; Ünal, Merve; Öztepe, Erhan
This paper comes out of a scientific study concerning development of an AR model for the presentation the archaeological site of Alexandria Troas for the visitor experience, and on-site application of this model, through a case, namely the Podium (or Forum) Temple, to investigate the nature of that experience provided by AR and its implications as well. The study is established upon the proposition that “AR is tailored to fit to provide a compatible, accessible, and sustainable presentation of historical built environments and archeological sites to public experience, while respecting much of the problem(atics) coming along with norms and privileges of historical heritage preservation and conservation.” Departing from this ultimate proposition, it sets out a framework of questions to address. This paper provides a summary of the whole research, followed by the detailed description of the methodology and process concerning the developed model’s on-site application, and a succinct presentation of its findings, finally, an account of the research as a means of testing the research questions. Findings confirm much of the assumptions deriving from the initial proposition and showed the great potential of AR towards this end as expected. A number of issues and problems were surfaced as well, some of which are oriented from the technologies concerning the AR itself, while others are related to the limitations of the proposed model and its on-site execution. Furthermore, the research indicated a number of matters to address and possible ways to expand such research. All in all, we argue that the research yielded a number of valuable results and insights in addressing the departing problem situation, while it also posed new questions and research paths to follow for new research.
Deciphering of the Architectural Program and Reprogramming: the Taşhan Region as a Critical Urban Point
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Okuyucu, Şerife Ebru; Kurt, Şükran
This study discussed the deciphering of the architectural program, and the relevant concept of intermediate space within architectural production, and it questioned reprogramming through the concept of intermediate space. The study covered the Taşhan Street and neighboring locations in the Turkish city of Afyonkarahisar. It was based on assessing and discussing the existing programming and reprogramming dynamics in the Taşhan Region, which is functionally developed for craftsmanship, and contributes to the art and culture of the region. At the end of all these discussions, the program, 'depending on the venue and the user; It was defined as the 'sequence of frozen events occurring in moments' and the moments when these events occurred, their potential situations in places were revealed by reprogramming method. In the context of taking momentary sections in Taşhan Region; The methods of observation made in certain time periods (on weekends with high visitors, between 12:00 and 17:00, in the evening when the jazz festival is held) in the spaces in the region and interviewing with the users of the space were used to decipher the architectural program. Another scientific method used in the study is to make content analysis of the space theories put forward in the conceptual context and to reveal the evaluation criteria of the architectural program of the Tashan Region with the sub-concepts obtained within the framework of the text-based analysis method. While deciphering the architectural program, the conceptual analyses of the space theories proposed were conducted in parallel with the aim of the study, and the assessment criteria for the architectural program in the Taşhan Region were presented by using the sub-concepts revealed following the analyses. In conclusion, based on the momentary sections from the actions that occurred in the Taşhan Region, spatial flexibility in meeting needs to be increased and the relationship between users and spaces was enriched with reprogramming.
Evaluation of Optimal Criteria for Designing Solar Greenhouses in Cold Climate Residential Buildings (case Study: Tabriz, Iran)
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Babaei, Arian; Alavi, Pari; Almardani, Mohammad; Jamei, Nasrin
Since a major part of energy in cold climates is spent on heating, using alternative methods to heat buildings is of particular importance for buildings. Solar greenhouses are inactive building solutions that absorb solar energy to provide heating in the side spaces. Greenhouse efficiency depends on several factors. The research carried out so far has used these factors in the design of a solar greenhouse to reduce energy consumption, which has finally been compared with the non-applied state of this system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical characteristics such as “depth”, “protrusion”, “roof slope”, and “orientation” of solar greenhouses and the influence of each factor in different modes and hours in the cold climate of Tabriz. For this purpose, a simulation has been made using “Energy Plus” software. In the next step, the optimal modes of solar greenhouse design are presented by comparing the different states of each physical factor on the first and the middle day of each month in a 6-hours period. Research results show; increasing the surface while the sun is shining and using more depth when there is no sun will maintain indoor temperature. Also, using two or three-way greenhouses (east and south) increases the efficiency of the greenhouse by 30%. The roof slope has no effect on heating the room adjacent to the greenhouse. Also, the absence of protrusions helps adjust the room temperature relative to the outside environment by up to 20 %. No significant effect on temperature was observed in calculating the ratio of greenhouse area to room area in summer. But in the cold season, a large greenhouse area greatly impacts by up to 15 %.
Prospective Aspect of Topography: the Example of the Grand Bazaar (kapalı Çarşı) in Istanbul
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Demirel, Emre; Moazemi Goudarzi, Soufi
The Grand Bazaar was constructed, there have been significant changes in shopping practices. Particularly the spread of Global trade boosted the opening of new shopping centres, high-street department stores and shopping malls. Despite all these changes in shopping habits, the Grand Bazaar still continues to be an actively used shopping area; it has never lost its customer interest and its socially vivid atmosphere. This research explores the reasons why the Grand Bazaar has not been lost its social dynamism over the course of time? This question has various answers, but this research argues that one of them is particularly related to its peculiar spatial formation that encourages social interactions. In this account; this research methodologically focuses on two main components, these are: how the Grand Bazaar was spatially constructed and how it was experienced by users. These purposes will be accomplished by the analyses of the writings and drawings of the important Western travellers. It is revealed that articulated in topographical account, the Grand Bazaar eliminates the boundaries between the spaces and thus between the people. This continually enhances the mutual relationships between inside and outside. This study focuses on the main interest of the topographic approach which is not much the representative qualities; re-expression of the exterior appearance of the building in shape and profile or any stylistic display, but it is more to create an open venue or a stage which enhances the spatial and social connectivity between interior and exterior worlds, ergo between individual and collective lives. As a result, the study demonstrates how the Grand Bazaar's topographical attitude lends a 'formative' aspect to an architectural context. The Grand Bazaar tries to abolish borders by emphasizing topographical aspects such as permeability, spatiality, and delay in order to create an in-between environment, and also a common social ground.
Reproduction of Architecture in Modernizing Local Architecture: the Case of Muqarnas
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Motasem Issa Mahmoud Abu Zer; Reyhan, Kader
The present study aims to investigate the cultural identity concept and its relation to cultural heritage within a conservation framework under the threat of unfettered interventions for modernity and its requirements by analyzing the reproduced architectural works. Furthermore, the study focused on clarifying and tracking the effects of architectural reproduction on society and individuals, as well as on the local way of thinking and local culture in a specific region known as the "Levant." The research method is developed in two interconnected ways: qualitative 'interpretive' research methods are used to explain the pure concept of cultural heritage, while a 'simulation strategy' is used between traditional and historical architectural elements to create new architectural elements with historical origins and contemporary touches. Construct logic is a method of "modernizing local architecture”, in that it controls modern architecture and uses it to develop local architecture rather than obliterating and distorting it. "Muqarnas," one of the Islamic architectural decorative elements widely used in the Levant and surrounding geography, is chosen as the simulation case study for developing new contemporary architectural elements used both structurally and decoratively. The simulation approach used in the study is limited to several traditional architectural elements from the study's historical and cultural context, which were documented with architectural and technical data as well as illustrative drawings. It may be possible to raise conservation awareness by simulating some traditional architectural elements and developing them in a highly technical environment. Furthermore, it can provide the opportunity to obtain new architectural elements of a contemporary cultural nature that resist architectural reproduction in a variety of internal and external fields, as well as structural solutions.
Poetic Emergence and Insight From the Trace of the “line”: a Reading on Carlo Scarpa’s Castelvecchio Museum Drawings
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Asar, Hande
This study aims to trace the line and to conduct a discussion about poetics as it arises from the trace or drawing of that line. The study, therefore, considers the act of drawing as a thinking practice and explores the dynamic relationship between “line”, “the act of drawing”, and “drawing” through sketches. This study is based on the qualitative research method that discusses the conceptual relationship between language and poetry. This relationship is crossed with not-language and not-poetry and is explained through the approach of “poetic emergence” and “poetic insight”. A sample analysis is made through the concepts of “dream, image, and affectivity”, which are generated from this approach. The study’s sample group is the selected sketches of Carlo Scarpa’s Castelvecchio Museum. These sketches have been evaluated using the content analysis technique. The tracking of the line reveals a personal journey that includes the image, dream, and affectivity. Although Scarpa’s dialogue with the designer of the Castelvecchio Museum sketches has ended, their dialogue with its observer continues. At the end of the sketches’ reading, one makes inferences on emotions. These emotions, which derive from an ambiguous world of dreams and images, have created moments of “poetic emergence”, while poetic emergence and its moments of emergence have created the “poetic understanding”, which is personally internalized. Since the moments of poetic emergence and understanding arose from each other, they have not been revealed themselves in a specific order, but in a reticulated cycle flowing into each other. Subjecting the study to a subjective evaluation process has created limitations in the context of the content of the qualitative research method. The study, which unfolds over the poetics, is valuable as it discusses the intangible dimensions of architecture through the line standing at the intersection of the material and the immaterial.
Generative Facade Elements Recommendation For Diyarbakır Traditional U Plan Type Residences
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Gökçe Salık, Mizgin; Aykal, Demet F.
Genetic algorithm (GA) are based on the continuation of fitter ones’ lives considering the natural evolution. Data are coded as genes in the genetic algorithms. Optimal solutions can be achieved through the methods of crossing and mutation performed on these coded genes. Facade elements of the buildings with an architectural design in this study are independent of sustainability-related concerns, suggesting a great issue for the new buildings to be constructed in the traditional pattern. Accordingly, using the genetic algorithm method, proposals were presented for the new door and window typologies with genetic fitness for the architectural designing process of the buildings to be constructed in Suriçi Region, Diyarbakır, Turkey. Shape grammar, fractal and genetic algorithm, three generative designing systems, were used as the methods. Utilizing the genetic algorithm method, a field study was performed for the proposal of new door and window typologies with the fitness value. The field study was assessed through the plans and facade analyses regarding six Diyarbakır traditional houses with U plan type in Suriçi region of Diyarbakır. An identity card was created for the plan and facade data of the buildings and transferred to the table. Then, the door and window typologies of the exterior facade elements of each examined building were crossed within themselves with the GA method. As a result of the crossover, alternative joinery typologies with a total of 31 windows and 53 different door typologies with compatibility values were produced. Thus, the sustainability of the data of traditional joinery typologies for use in contemporary houses has been ensured. In conclusion, optimal alternative typologies were presented in regard to every chopping typology assessed with the genetic algorithm method. It is thought that this study should be a method that can be used in the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in many different cities of our country, especially in the historical texture. Thus, by using the GA method for the production of exterior joinery typologies of contemporary houses to be built in the region, different designers will be able to obtain various designs compatible with the traditional architectural texture while preserving their originality.
Impact of Sustainability Transition in Moroccan Cities’ Identity: the Case of Benguerir
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Rharbi, Noussaiba; Günseli Demirkol, Hatice
Whether internationally or in Morocco, the construction industry is one of the world's most energy-consuming industries. Nationally, this sector is estimated to account for 33% of total energy consumption. In addition, the construction industry is one of the highest producers of GHG emissions. For these reasons, Morocco has taken steps to reduce the sector's impact on the economy and the environment. That's why the green sustainable cities trend has started in the last decade. Globalization trends and efforts to keep the concept of sustainability alive in a concrete city have brought along many conflicting choices. Moroccan cities are known for their strong identities due to the long process of shaping these cities throughout history. But new sustainability trends seem to introduce new colors that can strip them of their identity. This article is a research paper for the arid climate city of Benguerir, located in the South, one of the green cities of Morocco. Green represents a challenging context for implementing sustainability. This study reveals the different parameters of sustainability in cities, how important urban identity is, and how it can be perceived and discusses the transition and identity changes of cities. The case study exemplifies the Moroccan context, the reason behind the need for Moroccan green cities, the efforts of the government, and the problems green Moroccan cities may face when trying to preserve their identity. Benguerir is an example that has achieved various sustainability parameters and represents the policies of Moroccan green cities. The city can also represent upcoming challenges for cities in a similar context.
Defining the Impacts of Historical Development Activities on Urban Heritage of İskenderun (alexandretta)
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Nalça Kıssaboylu, Canan; Kul, Fatma Nurşen; Rifaioğlu, Mert Nezih
İskenderun, also known as Alexandretta in antiquity, has long been a strategically significant port city in the Eastern Mediterranean thanks to its natural harbour. Due to its advantageous location, the settlement began to rapidly urbanize after the mid-19th century as a result of the impacts of Ottoman and later the French Mandate period development activities. This article focuses on defining the influences of historical development activities on the urban heritage of İskenderun by understanding and evaluating various efforts that lie behind the formation of the city as an important trade centre and port city connecting the Middle East, Asia Minor, and Europe. By doing so, the formation, development and transformation of the settlement are chronologically deciphered regarding its historical turning points: the mid-19th century Ottoman period, the beginning of the French Mandate period (1919), and the joining of İskenderun to the Republic of Türkiye (1939). Accordingly, the characteristics of the urban form, the ways these characteristics were transformed, and the problems and strategies encountered within different periods are decoded. This decoding employed a combined methodology, including historical interpretation and case study research methods. The results of the study reveal that İskenderun has experienced different solutions for problems of infrastructure within the different periods, as a reflection of different political understandings and public and social needs among those periods.
The Impacts of Urban Environment Aspects on The Life Satisfaction of Older Adults
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Bayar, Rümeysa; Türkoğlu, Handan
Ageing comes with several discomforts such as decline in mobility and losses in social networks as well as societal roles. Therefore, improving the life satisfaction of older adults have become a significant policy focus for delivering age-friendliness in national and international movements in the living environment. The hypothesis of the current study is that older people, who live in urban neighbourhoods that provide safe, aesthetic and accessible environments, experience greater life satisfaction. Accessibility, attractiveness and attachment as the three key dimensions of the life satisfaction were used to understand the key aspects of the life satisfaction of older people in the neighbourhoods and how the urban environment serves as an indicator. This research consists of two steps. First step involved in-depth interviews with the older adults aged over 65 in the different urban areas, the district of Fatih and Şişli in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, with sampling based on the diversity, the heterogeneity and the urban functions. Second, these urban areas were analysed using space syntax to understand the street network and connectivity to reveal the urban structure. The qualitative and quantitative findings were analysed comparatively. The study concluded that when attachment to the place is supported by the walkability and the psychical enticing, the older adults experience higher level of life satisfaction. Additionally, financial independence serves as a backup solution to access to the better environment. This comparative analysis also highlights a mixed method for policy makers to analyse urban environment and makes room for older adults to raise their voice and participate in the policy and planning process.
Accessibility Analysis of Urban Green Space: the Case of Erbil City
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Kemec, Serkan; Salar, Hassan Abdalkarim
Urban green areas are open spaces in urban areas that are mainly covered by vegetation. They can be public or private urban green spaces that include parks, community gardens, forests, and nature reserves. Parks are an important component of urban quality of life if they are well designed and accessible. Accessible parks contribute to physical activity among urban residents. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the most significant main accessibility factors that discourage the use of public urban green areas, and examine the extent to which they influence the use of green areas in residential areas of the city of Erbil. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2020 to measure the accessibility of green spaces using network analysis with GIS for Erbil city. The present study represents the first known investigation regarding the accessibility of public green spaces within the city of Erbil. The results show that for community parks, 68% of the population has access with a travel time of 5 minutes, 99% of the population has access with a travel time of 10 minutes, and 100% of the population has access with a travel time of 15 minutes. For district parks, 70% of the population had access with 5 minute drive time. With 10-minute drive time, 96% of the population had access and 100% of the population had access with 15-minute drive time. For neighborhood parks, the results show that 43% of the population had access with 5-minute walk and, 71% of the population had access with 10-minute walk. At 15-minute walk time, 80% of Erbil residents had access to neighborhood parks. Mini parks were accessed by 22% of the population with a 5 minute walk and they were accessed by 52% of the population with a 10 minute walk. With a 15 minute walk, mini parks were accessible to 70% of the population.
Developing Social Sustainability Criteria and Indicators in Urban Planning: a Holistic and Integrated Perspective
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Atalay, Hilay; Gülersoy, Nuran Zeren
One of the main reasons for today’s urban problems is the disregarding of social sustainability in urban interventions and the lack of an approach that evaluates social sustainability with all its issues as a universal and holistic one. In this context, the aim of this study is to determine and categorize social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators to measure and to assess social sustainability for ensuring the sustainability of cities that could be used in all urban areas and applied in urban planning. Within this scope, social sustainability criteria, objectives, and indicators identified by international organizations and academic/scientific studies on different scales and in urban areas were evaluated systematically and analytically. A matrix has been generated according to the frequency of occurrence of social sustainability criteria and indicators. Although research studies focus on criteria and indicators according to scale, subject, and specified matters. It is a necessity to identify social sustainability criteria and indicators that can be used on every scale and in every urban area. Accordingly, ten criteria have been determined: population, accessibility, education and skills, health, housing, security, belonging, participation, social capital and social cohesion, urban life quality, satisfaction, and adequacy of services. Based on the criteria, targets, sub-targets, indicators, and indicator definitions for each criterion have been identified. However, the significance of each criterion is addressed, as well as the reasons for their necessity for social sustainability. This study proposes a universal, detailed, and holistic perspective for the measurement and assessment of social sustainability that enables the use of both quantitative and qualitative data together and envisages the use of mixed techniques in obtaining and evaluating data. In addition, criteria and indicator systems will be able to guide practitioners and policymakers to make decisions related to the social structure before and after the implementation of urban projects.
A Framework Proposal for Plan Evaluation in the Context of Turkish Planning System
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) İbişoğlu, Çiğdem; Özügül, Mehmet Doruk
This study aims to propose a framework for plan evaluation in the context of Turkish planning system’s structural characteristics. Within the scope of the study, main planning evaluation approaches (conformance-based and performance-based) were examined, and prominent evaluation methods were analyzed in detail. Then, type of planning systems and the major breaking points in changing process of planning system in Turkey are summarized. With reference to these issues, a filtered framework that can be used for plan evaluation in Turkey has been suggested. In this research, it has been concluded that the plan evaluation can be realized in three main dimensions and some sub-criteria: conformity (plan and output accordance, plan effects, relevance), rationality (internal coherence, external coherence, participation, cooperation and coordination), utilisation (guidance or direction). Although it provides an applicable framework, the suggestion does not offer a method that can be applied one-to-one for each plan. Under the rapidly changing conditions in our country, the evaluation criterion should be reconfigured in line with the features of relevant plan. It is foreseen that a basic monitoring mechanism can be created for planning institution by using the framework in this study. Also, it will provide self-evaluation opportunities for planning authorities. In this way, we believe that the success level of plans and planning system will increase. Evaluation of plan is an important research area in the international literature in terms of both qualitative and quantitative elements to be analyzed together. However, it is not yet included in Turkish planning literature. Therefore, this study is valuable as it highlights a new research area by pointing to an important gap in the national planning literature. It is thought that this study has original contributions to both theory and practice and will establish a functional bridge between them.

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