ICONARP - International Journal of Architecture and Planning

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/2242

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Standardization Potential of Traditional Residential Window Sizes of Kırklareli
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Erdoğan, Nevnihal; Yüksek, İzzet
Windows are important part of a building’s history; they tell us not only of the changing architectural taste and style but also of social hierarchy, building economics, craft ingenuity and technical advances, and of the ways in which houses and certain building materials were taxed. They are the single element which most serves to establish the character of a building and a whole district. The traditional Turkish house had partitioned glass windows rather than large one-piece types. Windows composed of small square glass partitions are the characteristic types of windows in traditional Turkish homes. This is a convenient architectural style both for privacy and external perspective related concerns. In Turkish architecture, due to the indispensability of timber frame construction, specific dimensions had to be used depending on the structure of the material utilized. The first floor had block stone walls and floors above were of timber frame panel walls. The narrow, vertical spaces between the posts and braces constitute the timber skeletal system, and covered with filler. Thus, a modular plan of construction is established for window organization and for the overall façade of the structure. This paper aims to understand standardization in national samples of windows of the late 19th early 20th century in Kırklareli, Turkey.
The Movement of Void: From Architectural Space To Urban Space
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Kuloğlu, Nilgün
Masses and voids are the fundamental physical properties that form both the architectural and urban spaces. This study discusses the contributions made by the void in the architectural form to urban voids. Void is a concept which finds itself a place among the definitions of space. Where there is no void, there is no space as the space generates the void. However, other than making up a space as its main function, void can also exist within a space for symbolic, semantic, etc. reasons. The first title of section definitions and concepts of the study describes the relationship between the space and void. Areas remaining after architectural spaces in an urban space however are defined as void lots. The second title of section definitions and concepts of the study focuses on the definitions of an urban void while the relationship between an urban space and void is discussed. The discussions section questions the mutual impact between the void in architectural and urban spaces. The interaction between the voids in architectural and urban spaces is discussed and described with examples from the history and today. While the importance of the voids created in an architectural space in the shaping of urban voids is given emphasis, it is also asserted that rather than creating a space, the void might be capable of defining, directing and strengthening the relation between areas. It is also stated that this coexistence should be considered in architectural and urban spaces intended for design. The historical examples have been selected among the squares as the most important urban void lots while those of today have been selected among those existing with their impact in an architectural space and contributing to the urban area. In consequence, it could be said that the squares existing in the history as urban voids have been recreated through the voids in today's architectural spaces and that architectural voids are supporting
House While Woman Grows
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Öymen Gür, Şengül; Yalçınkaya Erol, Şengül
Discourses on woman/space relations boomed in the 90s. The fundamental reason was to give support to the Feminist Movement. This trend which has had feeble effect on architectural design remained controversial. The comprehensive research expounded in this article which was based on an open-ended questionnaire that targeted at determining the gender roles at home, applied to female subjects who simulated the national demographics, clearly demonstrated that the home experience of an average Turkish woman basically consists of kitchens; the female who runs the house does not really have a place for herself at home. However she does not perceive her restrained, secondary role an issue worthy of struggling to change and she grants spaces for recreation and study to the male. The well-established civil laws conducive for equality has not changed this disturbing situation and do not seem to do so in the near future.
Energy Efficiency in Housing
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Tıkansak, Tülay Esin
In Turkey, 36 per cent of the total energy is consumed in heating, ventilating and lighting of buildings. On the other hand with efficient usage of energy, 25 per cent of total energy could be saved. At this point, construction sector is in a big responsibility in that energy situation that generally use fossil resources and causes big environmental damage. This article discusses methods that minimizes energy use of conditioning issues like heating, visual, air conditioning which are responsible of a big part of energy consumption. In result, that is understood, these methods could be used as design parameters without any cost increase in construction. Also, this work explains parameters of effective material selection that has a premier role on energy efficiency. In the use of that methods, there are responsibilities in every actor, especially designers, in construction industry .
Environmental Approach in Interior Design Education in Turkey
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Adıgüzel, Derya; Ciravoğlu, Ayşen
These days there has been a severe encroachment on nature, a large amount of waste being generated, and natural resources being used irresponsibly during the design, application and usage phases of buildings. Environmental sensitivity is necessary during the construction of new buildings and re-usage of current buildings to resolve environmental problems. In order to increase environmental sensitivity, a great responsibility falls onto interior design along with other disciplines during the creation of living spaces. The accumulation of knowledge from career training and the level of awareness will determine the practical development of environmentally sensitive interior design. Therefore the purpose of this article is to make a determination of the current state of environmental design in interior design education in Turkey. The degree to which environmental design is reflected in the curricula of interior design departments was studied. The relationship between the awareness level of the students and the educational programs will be presented through three samples. Surveys were conducted at three universities that have varying degrees of environmental design within the interior design curricula. As a result, the importance of having an environmentally conscious design understanding within the curricula of interior design and recommendations for improving the environmental design awareness of students will be presented in this article.
Adventure of Architecture Example of Housing and Housing Areas
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Asasoğlu, Ali
Housing and the concept of space associated with this requirement are among the initial attitudes towards the human reign over the nature. The dawn of the structured environment found life with this approach within the nature. Both, housing and the housing design process overlap with the historical development of modern man, and is covered within the concept of architecture today. The contribution made by culture within this period is yet another undeniable fact. While the interaction between architecture and culture are moving forward thereby leaving traces in every era throughout the history, the culture of housing and housing design exhibits a parallel attitude which is a subsidiary, yet a highly title with a close human relationship. Culture and architecture are two closely interacting aspects which are drawing the borders of each other from time to time, hinting at quality and quantity, and evaluating such. Quite naturally, the structure which is in a deep relationship with mankind is in an exchange with all physical, social and economic qualities of the human. These qualities are fundamental determinants of the concept of culture as a human trait. The process of architecture which is usually defined as a sequence of eras that involve social movements, impulses and trends, sometimes kept moving ahead in the pursuit of individual leadership and styles. The concerns regarding the solution of space problems, setting up /designing venues and arranging the environment in line with the requirements brought up increasingly complex issues and stacks of solutions which follow such problems. It is this dynamic structure which forms the basis of the architectural problem to date. Starting with the housing and residential concepts, this study brings a critical view on the application samples and methods of the relationship between architecture and culture in terms of our country in particular while putting emphasis on the architectural venture of the recent era and the underlying improvements. Instead of seeking an answer to these issues, the study, which summarizes the venture of architecture in the overall sense and focuses specifically on the issues regarding the formation of housing and housing sites, discusses the origin of the very problem. Raising awareness as the most important step of living in qualified urban environments and owning quality residential areas is also emphasized with the respective examples.
Assessment of Urban Renenewal Studies in the Context of Florence's Old Industrial Sites
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Aydın, Elif Özlem
In the periphery of the historic city center of Florence, which is a settlement in Middle Italy, considered the symbol of Renaissance period train stations, small scale industrial structures were built under the influence of spread of industrialization in Continental Europe in the 19th century. Industrial buildings whose original functions are being lost nowadays are restricted to examples which started being built in the 18 th century, however, shaped in the 19 th century and were being able to brought until today with the increased industrialization activities in the first half of the 20 th century. The necessity of developing new thoughts aiming to revitalize areas around the city center and to reshape Florence, which witnessed a segmented growth due to increased industrialization in the first half of 20 th century, according to urban planning principles from 1990's onwards has been realized. Within the scope of integrated planning developed in the recent years, old industrial areas located in the historical city center peripheries whose functions have been lost are determined as urban renovation sites. In this study, Old Leopolda Train Station, Fiat Belfiore and Fiat Novoli factory sites as well as renovation/transformation work executed in old slaughter house sites, located in the west border of historical city center of Florence, have been studied with the help of technical surveys, personal interviews or published projects. Two approaches have been encountered when urban renovation projects executed in these areas where mixed-use strategies are adopted are examined. These are: ? Preservation of some of the historical structures in the area, and demolition of some to create areas for new uses, ? Demolition of all structures in the site to create areas for new uses. Not encountered in Florence, but there also exist renovation examples where almost all structures in the area are preserved. The results of research and observations have shown that three approaches are preferred in the renovation/transformation of old industrial areas. It has been concluded that, like in the example of Florence, there is a lack of methodology in the selection of these approaches adopted for various reasons. In fact, it is possible to talk about various parameters in the adoption process of this selection. The parameters determined after observations can be enumerated as: ? Benefit-damage relationship of “preservation, re- functioning, ? demolition” of structures in the site in national, regional and ? urban scale, ? Social environment needs and properties, ? Land use value of the site, ? Use value of structures in the site. The necessities of determining the basic parameters about the site as listed above and of setting up a methodology according to which the relationship of these parameters among themselves can be evaluated healthily in the adoption process of renovation approach have been understood. This methodological approach will contribute to the acceptable reestablishment of weakened spatial and social connections between the city centers and areas in the peripheries of the cities.
A Historiographic Analysis of Idealized Turkish House Idea
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Tuztaşı, Uğur
Beautiful picturesque buildings which have been a subject of protection activities come to mind first when the matter is Turkish House. However, Turkish House is not the technical name of this building culture. This concept was born as a result of historical, romantic and progressivist architecture ideal. Infact the aim of physical protection is only a minor result of this ideal. Therefore, how Turkish House is built cognitively and historical foundations of this cognitive point will be studied in this study. Sedad Hakkı Eldem’s crucial role in this matter and transmissions of researchers like Celal Esad, Süheyl Ünver Rıfat Osman prior to Eldem in conceptualizing and their relations to the topic are among the discussions from which results will be obtained. In short, this study includes discussions about the historical background of Turkish House idea which is conceptualized on the basis of a certain idealisation.
Constructing Space: Physical Versus Immaterial? Coffeehouse in the Ottoman/Turkish Society
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Soygeniş, Sema; Maro Kırış, İrem
Architectural space is a complex phenomenon, comprising of physical and immaterial characteristics. Physical, together with intangible variables, define space. The concern of this study is to understand and discuss space in the example of coffeehouse of the Ottoman-Turkish society, the underlying issues related to the existence and endurance of the coffeehouse space in spite of the societal and environmental transformation going on within its context in history. The approach followed is interpretation of literature, selected texts that use coffeehouse as setting. The aim is to initiate further search for understanding the generic issues that form space and ensure its continuity.
Modelling of Informal Settlement Growth With Satellite Data in Latakia City,syria
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Ghassoun, Yahya; Buchroithner, Manfred
Due to social, economic and political reasons, informal settlements are considered as a challenging problem in the third world countries. These create problems to the society and to the local government. The present study aims to discuss informal settlements of Latakia city (Syria) during 1970 and 2005 using satellite data. Where based on all the information available, until today the present study is the first one carried out in Syria concerning the development of informal settlements. In this study, we put a headline to solve the informal settlement problem in Latakia city by achievement 4 goals: • INCORPORATION: This goal requires that the inhabitants of an informal settlement are recognized as full citizens of the city, town or village with which they are associated.• IMPROVEMENT: This goal requires an integrated approach to development, that seeks to meet the most important needs of the whole community. It also requires that those needs and priorities are determined by all the stakeholders. The choice of strategies also requires an inclusive process that takes all factors into account. • DEVELOPMENT: The vital elements of this goal are the provision of opportunities and encouragement. • PLANNING: This goal includes, Anticipate the future. Identification and addressing the implications for the informal settlements in a comprehensive manner. We suggested 4 guiding principles to achieve the previous goals: • Integration: Considering the informal settlements as a part of the whole city, is a very important point in the integration process. • Participation: Participation of people and groups of people with the local authority effectively in a process. • Communication: communication is the exchange of thoughts, messages, information and meeting between people and the authority. • Minimum relocation: is to provide the people with opportunities to stay and settle, because every move is disruptive and costly. Also in the present study, dynamics of change in land use/land cover and their impact have been studied. The satellite data (Landsat, IRS, and CORONA) have been used. This study shows significant classes (Trees, Grass, Buildings, Water, Vacant, Roads) in the land use/land cover which are found to change significantly during 1970 and 2005. Also rapid growth of informal settlements have been observed. Remote sensing images have been handled using GIS system to visualize the dynamics of the changes in land use/land cover. Finally the physical situation of the informal settlement has been studied and has been organized in three categories (Good, Medium and bad).
Thinking Together Urban Conservation With Urban Modernization in the Process of Urban Transformation: the Possibilities of "historic Urban Landscape" Concept
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Dinçer, İclal
Today, the big cities that are centers of innovation and creativity offer employment and training opportunities for people on the one hand, and are faced to face to uncontrolled urbanization on the other. One of the main problems of these cities is socio-cultural and spatial harmony between urban heritage and new developments. It should be recognized that it is difficult to preserve both the tangible and intangible heritage and sustainable development together with providing the quality of urban life. This article will discuss the "historic urban landscape" concept that is one of the approaches in the long term evolution of conservation and reconstruction of cities. In this evolution process, concepts of urban conservation, environmenta protection, urban archaeology, cultural landscape and the value o cultural heritage for society are the important milestones. Within this approach "historic urban landscape", decision-making processes needs to evolve towards the partnerships of state, market and civil society actors through negotiation and cooperation between them. In the article three examples from Istanbul are examined.
From Town Planning To Urban Design Work-The Dimensions To Be Considered
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Altaban, Özcan
The main purpose of this paper is to describe approaches of analysis for the urban fact, which are referred as being a preliminary guide-line for students working on Turkish cities already faced with large scale transformation programmes. The urban morphology was selected as a multi- dimensional method of analysis for urban structures. Urban morphology covers functional and economic approaches and can also include perceptual, historic, and other aspects. Urban Morphology attempts to make an objective analysis of the city considering: Firstly, the city as a physical concrete fact; secondly, the city as an organism in evaluation and the subject of transformation and change according to changes in society; thirdly, the city as a focus of interaction between social forces and the built environment that contains them. The concept of urban morphology can be applied to the whole city and even can be the basis for a theory of urban design. We can essentially consider it as a method of analysis which is basic to find out principles or rules for design. We can also consider of an analogy with language. “A language is a range of components and relationships forming a structure”. The analogy consists of understanding the physical form of the city as structure formed by series of components. The language is shaped by signs (or dimensions like semantic, syntactic and pragmatic) that are taken from real life, from situations that have meaning and can constitute an image for citizens who belong to a given society. These signs when referring to the understanding of the city can be seen as analogous to building types which express the values of society in each period of development. Two types of analysis are proposed. The first one is components that form the city and the second is their relationship and structure. Properties of the city as the expression of values. The relations between these components will form tissues. Tissue implies also a logical organization and dynamic process of transformation and change. The different tissues often correspond with stages of the development of the city. In order to find a sense and direction within the complex phenomenon of the city, its elements can be analysed as part of three aspects. Physical structure of the city, functional structure of the city and the process that relates the physical form to its functions. Two types of physical structure appear as important. Thematic structure and non-thematic structure. Examples of thematic elements are the straight streets in a regular grid and the housing types in a residential area. Non- thematic structure consists of those elements and relations which tend to be different from typical ones and it makes references to larger areas than the tissue alone and relates and articulates different tissues together. Non-thematic elements can be classified in two types. Poles and tensions (or channels). Poles are the concentric points of the structure and agglomeration of poles will constitute a centre. Examples of poles are a church, a mosque or a public building. Tensions which are the linear dynamic links (channels) such as boulevards or avenues. These elements can connect different part of the city. They also act as boundaries or limits of different areas that they support. Therefore, the non-thematic or primary structure that it is possible to define the unique and permanent structure of the city. In the last section of the paper an objective assessment or an evaluation is made about the critical and the anticipated issues on the change of scale from town planning to the lower level of urban design work. What are these steps which make somehow crucial expectations for the future of an urban area? 1. Firstly, it is the stage of production for a proper design which will direct the implementation process. 2. Secondly, the function of an urban project is to create an identity or a definition to the different urban sections will vary activities. 3. Thirdly, the urban design project should be an instrument for the creation of new dynamics in urban structure. 4. The urban design work is a complicated process involving a continues change and transformation in the selected urban area. 5. The urban design project should contain and consider the phasing programme for implementation process, the organization of a participation medium for stakeholders, the financial (a budgetary) programme for the whole stages of implementation. 6. The implementation process should contain several parties such as, the citizens with real estate ownership; the citizens without any ownership; the private sector acting as developer and investor; the public sector taking part as organizer, finance provider and promoter of public participation. 7. Within the continues process starting from town planning stage down to the implementation of urban design project, following items should be considered in a hierarchical order: in the upper scale, the strategies to be defined; in the medium scale, the policies to be explained; in the design scale, the means and ends, opportunities and instruments for implementation and including a phased development programme to be prepared in a detailed written statement. Consequently, a descriptive and expected qualification of an urban design and designer is explained under three headings. And a short section on the author’s opinions and several proposals about the urban fact in which social, economic and spatial aspects with reference to urban community as a whole are also included.
Successes and Failures in Urban Development of Ankara
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2013) Ercoşkun, Özge Yalçıner
Ankara, the capital of Turkey, represents a modern model city built in the Republican period after 1923. The majority of the countries’ population resides in this city after İstanbul and political, social and economic functions are mostly clustered in the urban zone. After 1940s, the city changed dramatically. Its population grew enormously and the city expanded through conversion of agricultural lands in the west. In addition, political and educational developments produced a significant population of officials and students within the city. This paper focuses on patterns of settlement in Ankara from ancient times to today and explains these from developments in the urban planning perspective. It concludes that the global shopping malls and local transport- landuse policies together with the structure of housing market have directed the city to car-oriented sprawled development without an identity, encouraged the development of gated communities in the city. It concludes by posing the question whether this may change in the future and more mixed use can be expected.
Universal Design of Instruction: Definition, Principles, and Examples
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Boduroğlu, Şenay
In the society of our present time where globalization and information technologies rapidly develops, priorities must be given in every area starting from the area of design, they must be given to the persons who produce information but not to information itself; to the persons who create technology but not technology itself and to the persons who use both of them together. Depending on the technological alterations making progress consistently, having the humans start to live for longer period of time and more independently, propounded the necessity to handle traditional design understanding again and at the same time, this has made out the requirement of a new design approach which provides more availability for the products and environments universally. This design approach is the design understanding of the future which provides participations of all user groups with the same possibilities and without limiting with special solutions or measures to different areas of life such as sheltering, education, working and entertainment by also covering handicapped users. Doing discrimination in the topic of service presented to human and preventing equal sharing of the possibilities do not comply with the design understanding of our age.
Regulations To Be Made in Urban Areas in Order To Improve Accessibility of the “visually-Impaired
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Gökgür, Pelin; Kaya Altay, İclal; Ulusay Alpay, Bilge
In our country, disabled people encounter many problems in integrating with the city and city life. The most important one is the "accessibility" in the physical space. Providing accessibility require disabled to move without being in need of any help, without any prevention and to participate in the life activities. It is seen in our country that the obstacle-free walkways for the disabled do not exist in the cities including the pedestrian areas, the legal arrangements with respect thereto are not yet able to achieve the required conditions in the physical environment, and the required sanctions and controls are not sufficient. Moreover, inability to present accurately the difference in the needs as based on the disability type is exposed in the problems that occur in the arrangements realized. The basic needs of "visually-impaired" people in the urban space, which constitutes the subject matter of the study can be listed as; safety, to understand where s/he is going, to know where s/he is and to obtain information about the surrounding. For the visually-impaired people to obtain such needs depends on their ability to move alone in the urban space. One of the most important issues in achieving this is "orientation". "Orientation" involves the process of determination of the person's own position and relation with the important objects around. It is known that the "accessibility" of a visually-impaired person is based on orientation and the arrangements in the physical environment in achieving this are very important. In this study, the purpose is to present the significance of "orientation" directed to increase the accessibility of the "visually-impaired" people in the urban space and as based on this, to discuss "the arrangements required to be realized in the physical environment”.
The Concepts of Accessibility and Equality in Design Education: The Universal Design Approach
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Mugan Akıncı, Guliz
Universal design approach aims to design products and environments that provide equal access for everyone to the variety of activities. Universal design applications and research and discussions related to these applications can be seen in different fields very often especially in the last years. Concerning the fact that its possibility of application is very new in Turkey, on the one hand, one of the aims of this study is to introduce and explain this new approach. On the other hand, the study aims to exemplify how the new information related to the philosophy of universal design approach can be integrated to the design education and find the ways of application in the university environment where the next expert generation has been coached. Within this framework, it is aimed to introduce the content and the way of application of the course of “Universal Design” which have been taught in the curriculum of the Architecture and Interior Architecture Departments of Okan University. Within the scope of the course, the students are expected to investigate and analyze the reflections of seven principles of universal design in real-life settings for the different and varied groups of human beings. While integrating the universal design approach to the design education, the things that is wanted to be emphasized is, this new and different approach is an inspiring fact for the new generation of designers concerning the concepts of accessibility and equality. The designs, organizations, suggestions, studies and researches of the design students of the course has demonstrated that if the universal design principles has become a component of the design education, it would also be achieving as a rewarding and fostering attempt.
The Accessibility in Shopping Centres: The Cases of Istanbul Profilo and Kozzy Malls
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Yalçın Usal, S.Selhan; Evcil, Ayse Nilay
Shopping centres are public areas which were used by people from every social strata and different age groups for consuming commodities or leisure. The aim of this study is to emphasize not only public areas accessibility of shopping centres but also consider interior space characteristics in terms of accessibility.The study showed that architectural design and interior design solutions were not sufficient to solve accessibility problem without active audit mechanism.
Wheelchair Users’ Accessibility Problems in Public Transportation-Case of Metro Bus
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Evcil, Ayse Nilay; Yalçın Usal, S.Selhan
Every day, in urban areas, the mobility of people and goods forms inner urban transportation. When urban transportation is carried in the form of public transportation, it becomes a public service. The urban public transport is one of the important services for all citizens since it is a public service provision. This service is provided by local government and it has been offered as a service without any distinctions between young, old, children, men, women, disabled, employee or retired or briefly to the society. Additionally, traffic congestion and the expence of owing and maintaining vehicles increase public transport usage in cities.
“you Know, We Live in Fear”: Transit Migrants With Their Neglected Disabilities in Istanbulkumkapı
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Çakırer Özservet, Yasemin
When migrants are not able to reach their target country, they stop by in other countries on their migration route. Kumkapı area is one of the passing points for Europe targeted migration, which is home to long periods of waiting. This study will talk about the obstacles the international migrants go through in Kumkapı-İstanbul region; the immigrants who have left their home and try to keep their culture alive in a place they do not belong to. The obstacles these transit immigrants experience in an urban environment without the facility of making use of public and other services are reviewed with the ethnography method. Kumkapı area has been a transforming area since 1970's, and currently has a social mosaic that is filled with illegality and poverty. This region, which can be called an area of the excluded, has become an area that never gets visited by the other classes of the society.
A Novel Discussion on Urban Planning Practice: Citizen Participation
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Kamacı, Ebru
In the age of modern democracy, citizen participation process, including all types, is assumed as a major feature of policy, decision-making and urban planning fields. Commonly, the process of participation is considered as fundamental to the involvement of citizens in decision-making process in contemporary planning milieu. Since the late 1950s, the role of participation in urban planning practices has become larger and expanding; and after the communicative turn in urban planning theory it is now one of the influential topics of planning agenda. Because participatory processes have become popular and widely used in planning practices from local to national levels; achieving a comprehensible understanding of the theory, objectives, history, of citizen participation process in planning have become vigorous for planners of today. Located within the context described above, the basic concern of this paper is to expand our awareness about the changing meaning, role and positions, of citizen participation in urban planning.

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