The Usage of Shape Memory Alloys and Shape Memory Polymers in Architecture

Abstract

Smart materials have become a type of material that attracts attention in the field of architecture with the development of technology nowadays. These materials, which have many advantages, allow the construction of more functional, aesthetic and sustainable structures by using them in different areas of architectural design. Shape memory alloys (SMA) and shape memory polymers (SMP), which are frequently used in the architectural construction process in recent years, are also among the smart materials. Shape memory alloys are particularly obtained from metals such as nickel and titanium. These materials can return to their original shape when heated or subjected to stress. Thanks to this feature, it allows the structural elements easily adapt to environmental conditions such as temperature and mechanical effects. Shape memory polymers are a type of thermoplastic polymer. These materials can be deformed when heated or exposed to an environmental effect and return to their original shape when cooled. Due to its aforementioned features, it provides ease of application to architects with the possibility of usage in various areas such as building envelopes and roofs. In this study prepared with a focus on the mentioned subjects, the usage areas of shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers, which are among the smart material types, in architectural applications were examined. In the study conducted using a literature-based analysis method, a conceptual framework regarding the topics of "smart materials", "shape memory alloys" and "shape memory polymers" was analyzed through readings conducted on literature. First, the emergence process, properties and classification of smart materials are explained. The nature of shape memory smart materials and the discovery phase are briefly mentioned. Then, shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers are discussed, respectively. The properties of these smart materials have been investigated and their usage in architecture has been examined through examples. In line with the findings obtained, the necessary syntheses were made, and the scientific outputs of the study were created. Finally, the study was completed by turning the research outputs into conclusions.