WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collections

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/2

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 68

Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Ancient Isaura Quarries in and Around Zengibar Castle (bozkir, Konya), Central Anatolia, Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Gökçe, Mehmedi Vehbi; İnce, İsmail; Okuyucu, Cengiz; Doğanay, Osman; Fener, Mustafa
Zengibar Castle was built by the Isaurian during antique ages on the summit of Mount Asar, approximately 20 km west of the town of Bozkir, Konya, Turkey. The aims of this study are to determine the lithological, petrographic, and mechanical characteristics of the building stones that were used to construct the walls and buildings in Zengibar Castle in order to determine the quarrying techniques of these stones and to determine which structures they were used in. A number of antique quarries of various sizes were located in Isaura, four of which produced a significantly higher volume of building stones. These antique quarries were mostly located on hillsides in carbonate rock of the Late Triassic Dutdere formation located in the Bolkardagi Units and were run phase by phase. The porosity range of the rocks was found to be between 0.85 and 0.90% and the dry density and uniaxial compressive strength were found to range from 2.67 to 2.68 g/cm(3)and 83.10 to 96.60 MPa, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the stones that were quarried in these quarries were used as the main building material or flooring material in various constructions in Zengibar Castle, including religious buildings such as temples and chapels, social buildings such as dwellings, theaters, baths, fountains, and cemeteries, defense and security structures such as watchtowers, fortification walls, and city gates, in monumental tombs, and in stones in which reliefs and inscriptions were carved.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 3
Ar-Ar Geochronology and Sr-Nd Isotopic Systematics of the Post-Collisional Volcanic Rocks From the Karapinar-Karacadag Area (central Anatolia, Turkey): an Alternative Model for Orogenic Geochemical Signature in Sodic Alkali Basalts
(Ceska Geologicka Spolecnost, 2022) Gençoğlu Korkmaz, Gülin; Kurt, Hüseyin; Asan, Kürşad; Leybourne, Matthew
The Plio???Quaternary post-collisional volcanism in the Karap??nar area is represented by two occurrences: (1) Karacada?? Volcanic Complex (KCVC) and (2) Karap??nar Volcanic Field (KPVF). The investigated volcanic units are the southwes-tern part of the Neogene to Quaternary Cappadocia Volcanic Province (CVP) in Central Anatolia. The CVP generally displays calc???alkaline affinity in the Late Miocene to Pliocene rocks, but both calc-alkaline and sodic alkaline affinity in the Plio???Quaternary rocks, all of which have an orogenic geochemical signature. Such a volcanic activity contradicts the Western and Eastern Anatolian volcanism characterized by anorogenic OIB-like sodic alkaline volcanic rocks postdating early orogenic calc???alkaline ones. We hypothesize that such temporal and geochemical variations in the investigated rocks result from crustal contamination and present major and trace element chemistry and Sr???Nd???Pb???O isotope geochemistry, coupled with 40Ar/39Ar geochronology data to restrict the genesis and evolution of the rocks. The Neogene Karacada?? volcanic rocks are represented by lava flows, domes and their pyroclastic equivalents constituting a stratovolcano, and dated by new 40Ar/39Ar ages of 5.65 to 5.43 Ma. They are mainly composed of andesitic, rarely basaltic, dacitic and trachytic rocks and have a calc???alkaline character. Constituting a monogenetic volcanic field, the Quaternary Karap??nar volcanic rocks are typically formed by cinder cones, maars and associated lavas, including xenoliths and xenocrysts plucked from the Karacada?? rocks. They comprise basaltic to andesitic rocks with a transitional affinity, from sodic alkaline to calc???alkaline. Both the Karacada?? and Karap??nar volcanic rocks display incompatible trace element patterns rather characteristic for orogenic volcanic rocks. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic systematics of both units show a relatively narrow range, but their ??18O values are markedly different. The Karacadag volcanic rocks have ??18O values ranging from 7.5 to 8.9 ???, resembling those of subduction-related basalts, but the Karap??nar volcanics have ??18O ratios between 5.7 and 6.5 ??? corresponding to OIB-like rocks. Additionally, ??18O values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios correlate positively with SiO2 in the rocks, indicating that contamination played an important role during differentiation processes. All the data obtained suggest that the Karacada?? basaltic rocks stemmed from a subduction-modified lithospheric mantle source. On the other hand, the origin of the Karap??nar basaltic rocks can be explained in terms of OIB-like melts contaminated with the Karacada?? volcanic rocks to gain orogenic geochemical signature, which may be an alternative model for the origin of the CVP sodic alkali basalts.
Citation - WoS: 26
Citation - Scopus: 25
An Assessment of Deterioration in Cultural Heritage: the Unique Case of Eflatunpinar Hittite Water Monument in Konya, Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Bozdağ, Ali; İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ayla; Hatır, M. Ergün; Tosunlar, M. Bahadır; Korkanç, Mustafa
Stone monuments are important symbols of cultural heritage of countries. However, many environmental factors negatively affect these monuments. The increasing damage on the stone monuments and the danger of irreversible loss of cultural heritage have resulted in growing efforts for the preservation of the monuments. Eflatunpinar Hittite Water Monument in Beysehir, Konya, Turkey, is a unique Hittite cultural monument that has survived for nearly 3200 years even though it has been exposed to many environmental effects. In this study, non-destructive testing (NDT) was used to detect the degradation on the building stones of the Eflatunpinar Hittite Water Monument and change-deterioration maps were prepared subsequently. It was also investigated whether the chemistry of the Eflatunpinar spring water may cause deterioration. Additionally, the petrographic, chemical, and physico-mechanical properties of the rocks taken from the ancient stone quarry were determined in order to compare with the properties of the monument's building stones. Based on the physico-chemical characteristics of the Eflatunpinar spring water and XRD results of crusts in building stone surface of the monument, it was identified that water can be effective on the formation of calcite and gypsum crusts especially in the lower parts of the monument. However, applied NDT methods and change-deterioration maps indicated that the deterioration as well as neglect and abandonment in the monument are mostly associated with the capillary effect of the flowing water through the structure and the deterioration effect is more apparent in contact points between the building stone and the flowing water. Additionally, in the building stones above the capillary front, the conservation condition is significantly better.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 8
Atmospheric and Anthropogenic Deterioration of the Ivriz Rock Monument: Eregli-Konya, Central Anatolia, Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2021) Korkanç, Mustafa; İnce, İsmail; Hatır, Mehmet Ergün; Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadır
The aim of this study is to determine the extent of deterioration of the limestone on which the Ivriz rock monument is engraved. This monument is near Aydinkent (Ivriz) village and located 12 km from the Eregli district of Konya. The height of the Ivriz Hittite monument is 4.20 m and its width is 2.40 m. It dates back to the second-half of the eighth century BC. The rocks on which the reliefs are engraved are limestone; the lower parts are brecciated with open cracks, and the upper parts show fewer cracks with smaller gaps. To enable the identification of the characteristics of the rocks on which the figures are located, non-destructive methods were used. Surface humidity, P wave velocity, thermal imaging, and Schmidt hardness measurement were applied to the wall surface of the monument, and mapping studies were conducted. Surface humidity varied between 26 and 58% with the highest values measured in the sections where the cracks are densest. The P wave velocity measured at the rock monument varied between 1.6 and 5.8 km/s, with the lowest values found in the sections where cracks were denser. Schmidt rebound values varied between 18 and 42, with higher values obtained in those sections with fewer effects of deterioration. According to the detailed observations and data obtained from non-destructive techniques (NDT) and laboratory data, the most significant deterioration has resulted from atmospheric conditions and damage by humans. The most common effects of degradation in this area are erosion by water, granular disintegration, cracks, microkarst, black crust, biodegradation (lichen, algae, and higher plants), and vandalism.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Biostratigraphy and Taxonomy of Fusulinid Foraminifera Across the Upper Mississippian (upper Serpukhovian)-Lower Pennsylvanian (bashkirian) Successions From the Hadim Nappe, Central Taurides, Southern Turkey
(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2021) Akbaş, Melikan; Okuyucu, Cengiz
The Hadim Nappe, which is one of the allochthonous tectonic units in the Tauride Belt, in southern Turkey, includes a continuous stratigraphic succession from the Middle(?)-Late Devonian to Late Cretaceous. A relatively complete succession of the upper Serpukhovian to Bashkirian is exposed in the Central Taurides, where two sections (Yassipinar and Golbelen) have been selected for detailed biostratigraphic investigations. The Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in these sections was determined by the first appearance datum of the Plectostaffella jakhensis and located in the oolitic limestone facies indicating a shallow-water depositional environment. The uppermost Serpukhovian and regional Bashkirian substages (Syuranian, Akavasian, Askynbashian, and Arkhangelskian) were determined by index taxa, namely Plectostaffella jakhensis, P. bogdanovkensis, P. varvariensis, Pseudostaffella antiqua, Staffellaeformes staffellaeformis, Tikhonovichiella tikhonovichi, and Verella spicata. Fifty fusulinid species belonging to fourteen genera were determined in two sections, in which two species are new: Depratina turani Akbas new species and Tikhonovichiella praetikhonovichi Akbas new species. The taxonomic positions of two fusulinid species (Depratina convoluta n. comb. and Staffellaeformes parva robusta n. comb.) are revised. The studied fusulinid assemblages correlate with fusulinid assemblages from the southern Urals, Russian Platform, Donetz Basin, Darvaz, Spain, central Iran, and some other regions of the Tethyan Realm. UUID: http://zoobank.org/bcbb6c72-f6f9-4e77-9cf9-3572bd731ff3
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Biostratigraphy of Lower Permian Foraminiferal Assemblages From Platform-Slope Carbonate Blocks Within the Mersin Melange, Southern Turkey: Paleogeographical Implications
(ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 2020) Okuyucu, Cengiz; Tekin, U. Kağan; Bedi, Yavuz; Sayit, Kaan
The Mersin Melange (MM) as a part of the Mersin Ophiolitic Complex in southern Turkey is a sedimentary complex including blocks and tectonic slices within a Late Cretaceous matrix. Two blocks (Keven and Cingeypinari) within the MM originated from the northern branch of Neotethys (Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan Ocean) and have been studied in detail using foraminiferal assemblages to correlate them with coeval successions in the Taurides and to approach the Early Permian evolution of the northern branch of the Neotethys. The Keven block includes mainly slope deposits (poorly-sorted carbonate breccia and fossiliferous calcarenite) and dated as late Asselian-Sakmarian, whereas the Cingeypinari block consists of platform deposits (fossiliferous platform carbonate and quartz sandstone alternation) assigned to the Sakmarian-early Artinskian. These Early Permian Cingeypinari and Keven blocks from the Beysehir-Hoyran Nappes are biostratigraphically well correlated to the northerly originated Hadim nappe and its equivalents in the Tauride Belt. Considering recent studies on the Mersin Melange, a possible mantle plume existed during the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian time interval along the northern Gondwanan margin. This event led to the opening of the northern Neotethys and deposition of the pelagic Karincali sequence with volcanic material in the basinal conditions. The data presented suggest that the Keven block relates to the slope and the Cingeypinari block to platform conditions deposited as a lateral equivalent of the Karincali sequences during the Early Permian. (C) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 21
Carcinogenic-Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Soils and Wheat in the Eastern Region of Konya (turkey)
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2021) Öztürk, Alican; Arıcı, Ömer Kağan
The drainage channel where the wastewater of Konya city center is discharged, the solid waste storage center, the soils surrounding the industrial area, the potential accumulation of toxic elements (PTE) accumulated in the wheat grown in these soils, and their effects on human health were examined. Between 1977 and 2010, the water in the drainage channel was used for a variety of crops, mainly wheat grown in the nearby agricultural areas until the commissioning of the wastewater treatment plant. Industrial facilities, solid waste landfills, and military firing areas are actively used and are thought to be important factors in heavy metal accumulation in soils. In addition, the investigation area is on the sediments of the deposits stored in the large Konya Lake depending on the geological structure around Konya and caused geogenic heavy metal accumulation as a result of the separation and transportation of ophiolitic, magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in the region. In the research, PTE accumulation was determined in the samples of N1 (Pb, As, and Hg), N9 (Cd, As), and N10 (Cd and As) and N8 (Pb) in wheat. The carcinogenic risk factor of Ni, Al, Mn, and Cr elements in the territory of the region has been found as medium for children and adults. It has been determined that the potential source of toxic elements does not only depend on anthropogenic events but also occurs as a result of geological events.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 11
Carnian (upper Triassic) Lavas and Tuffites From the Mersin Melange: Evidence for Intraoceanic Arc Rifting in the Northern Neotethys
(UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2020) Sayit, Kaan; Bedi, Yavuz; Tekin, U. Kağan; Okuyucu, Cengiz
In Anatolia, the northern branch of Neotethys is represented by Izmir-Ankara-Erzincan (IAE) Ocean, whose fragments and associated continental entities are preserved in the IAE Suture. However, the traces of this northerly located ocean are not solely bound to the IAE Suture, but can also be found further to the south. The Mersin Melange, situated in southern Turkey, is such a place that preserves the southerly transported remnants of the northern Neotethys. The Mersin Melange essentially displays block-in-matrix features, with blocks/slices of different age and lithological characteristics embedded in a clastic matrix. Within the melange, the Degirmenocagi region consists of a volcano-sedimentary sequence of middle Carnian age, which is characterized by lavas and tuffites interbedded with pelagic sedimentary lithologies. The lavas are chemically of basaltic/basaltic-andesitic composition, whereas the tuffites are of rhyolitic composition. Both lavas and tuffites display negative Nb anomalies, suggesting the involvement of subduction-related components. The high Zr/Nb and low Nb/Yb ratios (compared with normal mid-ocean ridge basalt [N-MORB]) imply a variably depleted mantle source, which has experienced previous melt extraction. The ratio-based melting systematics reflects melt generation largely dominated by spinel-facies melts. The overall geological and geochemical characteristics of the Degirmenocagi sequence suggest an oceanic backarc setting during the Carnian, which may have developed by the rifting of the Sorgun Arc. Although this new finding shows that the Triassic intraoceanic subduction is not uncommon in the Neotethys, it also strengthens a pre-Liassic opening of the northern domain (i.e., the IAE Ocean) and may further explain the longevity of the Middle-Late Triassic intraoceanic subduction in the northern Neotethys.
Citation - WoS: 33
Citation - Scopus: 37
Contribution of Fractal Dimension Theory Into the Uniaxial Compressive Strength Prediction of a Volcanic Welded Bimrock
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Avşar, Elif
This study was carried out on Sille agglomerate which is a typical volcanic welded bimrock. Two precious historical monuments, Koimesis Tes Panagias Church and Sekili hill settlement carved in Sille agglomerate, have maintained their stability without any support for centuries although suffering from weathering and various stability problems. However, due to its heterogeneity and sampling difficulties, the overall strength of Sille agglomerate has not been investigated yet. This paper presents the relationships between fragmentation fractal dimension (D-F), fractal dimension of rough block surfaces (D-R), number of blocks (B-N), and volumetric block proportion (VBP) and the overall uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the Sille agglomerate. By using these properties as inputs, three statistically significant empirical models were developed for estimating the UCS of the Sille agglomerate. The results revealed that the D-F and D-R may be good predictors to estimate the UCS of welded volcanic bimrocks, and defining the properties of blocks by means of fractal theory provides significant contribution to the estimation of the UCS. It is observed that the failure planes in the core samples predominantly pass through the boundaries between matrix and blocks, and such behavior may indicate that the weakest component of the Sille agglomerate is boundaries. Accordingly, the UCS decreases due to the high D-R values which create more or further weakest zones in the bimrocks. Finally, it is concluded that the negative correlation between the UCS and the VBP was attributed to increase of the D-R due to the increase of the VBP.
Citation - WoS: 29
Citation - Scopus: 35
The Deep Learning Method Applied To the Detection and Mapping of Stone Deterioration in Open-Air Sanctuaries of the Hittite Period in Anatolia
(ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 2021) Hatır, Mehmet Ergün; Korkanç, Mustafa; Schachner, Andreas; İnce, İsmail
The detection of deterioration in archeological heritage sites is a very time-consuming task that requires expertise. Furthermore, vision-based approaches can cause errors, considering the complex types of de-terioration that develop in different scales and forms in monuments. This problem can be solved effec-tively owing to computer vision algorithms, commonly used in different areas nowadays. This study aims to develop a model that automatically detects and maps deteriorations (biological colonization, contour scaling, crack, higher plant, impact damage, microkarst, missing part) and restoration interventions using the Mask R-CNN algorithm, which has recently come to the fore with its feature of recognizing small and large-sized objects. To this end, a total of 2460 images of Yazilikaya monuments in the Hattusa archeo-logical site, which is on the UNESCO heritage list, were gathered. In the training phase of the proposed method, it was trained in model 1 to distinguish deposit deterioration commonly observed on the surface of monuments from other anomalies. Other anomalies trained were model 2. In this phase of the models, the average precision values with high accuracy rates ranging from 89.624% to 100% were obtained for the deterioration classes. The developed algorithms were tested on 4 different rock reliefs in Yazilikaya, which were not used in the training phase. In addition, an image of the Eflatunpinar water monument, which is on the UNESCO tentative list, was used to test the model's universality. According to the test results, it was determined that the models could be successfully applied to obtain maps of deterioration and restoration interventions in monuments in different regions. (c) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 58
Citation - Scopus: 75
Deep Learning-Based Weathering Type Recognition in Historical Stone Monuments
(ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 2020) Hatır, Mehmet Ergün; Barstuğan, Mücahid; İnce, İsmail
Stone cultural heritages provide meaningful value and information about the culture, religion, economics, and esthetics of the period in which they were built. However, these heritages tend to lose their features due to weathering effects. Human-induced misrecognition in conservation and restoration practices used with these structures may lead to the disappearance of important architectural traces or serious mistakes that can affect monuments' structural integrity. In this study, recognition models based on deep learning (DL) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were developed to eliminate human errors that may arise in weathering recognition. For these models, fresh rock and eight different weathering types commonly observed in the historical structures of the Konya region were initially detected and photographed by field imaging studies. The DL and ANN models were created for 8598 images with these nine different types (fresh rock, flaking, contour scaling, cracking, differential erosion, black crust, efflorescence, higher plants, and graffiti). Although the accuracy rates obtained from the DL and ANN models are 99.4% and 93.95%, respectively, the recall rate (96-100%) in each class of the DL model has been determined to be higher. Based on the results of the DL classification performed with the study's model, the lowest precision rates in the testing phase were found in fresh rock (97%) and flaking (98%), while 100% precision rates were obtained in the other classification groups. (c) 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Depositional and Geochemical Characteristics of Geomorphologically Controlled Recent Tufa Deposits on the Goksu River in Yerkopru (konya, Southern Turkey)
(SPRINGER, 2019) Delikan, Arif; Mert, Mehmet
Recent tufa deposition has been taking place on a 500m-long natural bridge on the Goksu River in the Yerkopru region, southern Konya, Turkey. The Karasu spring arises from the Karasu normal fault, flows over this natural bridge and drops down from the end of the bridge, forming a spectacular waterfall. There is a dense CO2 degassing from this water and the H2CO 3
Citation - WoS: 8
The Determination of Deteriorations on The Mısırlıoğlu Bridge (konya, Turkey) by Non-Destructive Techniques (ndt)
(2018) Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadır; Hatır, Mehmet Ergün; İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Korkanç, Mustafa
Transportation has been one of the basic requirements of humanity since the earliest periods of civilization. One of the architectural structures designed to meet this requirement is historic stone bridges. One of the most important stages in these conservation works is the assessment of materials that constitute the structures. Non-destructive testing techniques (NDT) are widely used to obtain qualitative data and also make comparisons. In this study, it was aimed to determine deteriorations on the Mısırlıoğlu Bridge located in Sille settlement of Konya by NDT technique and to form the map from obtained values to perform conservation works. As a result of the analyses performed, considerable deteriorations in the building stones used in the abutments and arches of the structure were determined. Besides, it is detected that uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) value of the fresh samples is high (UCS: 61 MPa) while UCS values of the building stones used at the bridge decrease in the range of low and high (8-51 MPa) due to the atmospheric effects.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Elemental and C, O and Mg Isotope Geochemistry of Middle-Late Miocene Carbonates From the Tuz Golu Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): Evidence for Mediterranean Incursions
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021) Çelik Karakaya, Muazzez; Bozdağ, Ayla; Karakaya, Necati
The Tuz Golu basin, the largest of the Central Anatolian Neogene basins, is a NW-SE trending fault-controlled depression and includes many subbasins, such as the Ere.gli, Ulukisla and Bor subbasins. In the basin, economically important evaporite deposits consisting mostly of halite, gypsum/anhydrite, glauberite and carbonates formed in the middle-late Miocene. The mineralogical and chemical properties and C, O and Mg isotopic compositions of the carbonate minerals that precipitated simultaneously with the other evaporite minerals were investigated using samples from boreholes to determine the precipitation conditions and paleoenvironment of the deposits. The lack of covariance between the delta C-13 and delta O-18 values of the samples and the wide range of isotopic compositional variations indicate a basin that was hydrologically open to some degree. In addition, the lack of correlations between delta O-18 values and MgO/(MgO + CaO), Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios and the wide range of variations in both delta C-13 and delta O-18 values indicate that the carbonate minerals precipitated in a lagoonal environment where seawater incursions occurred through transgressions. The delta O-18 values of the dolomite samples are higher than those of Messinian normal-salinity seawater dolomites and therefore require contributions from evaporative fluids. Additionally, the isotopic data indicate extreme fluctuations in temperature and the inflow-evaporation balance during carbonate precipitation and indicate that the evaporite minerals may have precipitated from the evaporation of seawater trapped within the basin during and after uplift of the region. The Mg isotopic compositions of magnesium-rich carbonates are partially heterogeneous, and the delta Mg-26 values are higher than the delta Mg-25 values. Some of the delta Mg-26 values are close to the delta Mg-26 values of global seawater (-0.82%) but higher than the global mean delta Mg-26 value of river water (-1.09%). The delta Mg-26 values are partially within the range of marine sediments (-3.65 to +0.52%), suggesting seawater contributions to carbonate precipitation.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Engineering Geological Investigations Along the Meram Railway Tunnel, Konya, Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2019) Söğüt, Ali Rıza; Samba, Njong Joseph
This paper presents the results of the geological and geotechnical studies of the rock masses along the Meram railway tunnel. The study area consists of limestone which is the base rock and covers a large area between the entrance and exit portals and sandstone which is only observed at the slope of the hill that overlies the tunnel. Results obtained from rock mechanics testing indicate that the limestone along the tunnel route is a moderately strong rock with an average uniaxial compressive strength of 61.88 MPa. Rock mass qualities of the rock units along the tunnel were determined by means of rock mass rating (RMR), Geomechanics Classification (Q) system and New Australian Tunneling Method (NATM). The study shows a very poor-to-fair rock mass conditions, with a rock mass rating (RMR) ranging from 40 to 49 and rock mass quality (Q-system) ranges between 0.69 and 2.52. The limestone was classified according to NATM into two ground categories, which are B2 (friable) and B3 (very friable). Correlations with the RMR, Q-systems and NATM suggested rock bolts and shotcrete as a suitable preliminary support system for the rock mass during excavation.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Engineering Geological Investigations of T-11 Tunnel Along Burdur-Antalya High-Speed Railway
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Söğüt, Ali Rıza; Eser, Ece
Tunnels are underground structures constructed by cylindrical boring of the rock masses with certain proportions and methods. One of these methods is the new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM). The first and most important principle of this method is to preserve the strength of the rock mass and form a supporting circle in the surrounding rock mass around the tunnel. This method enables the construction of the tunnel to be both safe and economical. This paper aims to analyse geological and geotechnical properties of the 2045-m-span T-11 tunnel, which is planned to be constructed within the scope of Turkey Burdur-Antalya high-speed railway project. In this study, the data from borings LB (Lithology Borehole)-501, TB (Tunnel Borehole)-18, CB (Cut Borehole)-19 and discontinuity measurements were used. The laboratory results of these borings were also analysed. In total, five on-site discontinuity measurements were used in Dips v5.0 to generate the required data. The acquired data was used to analyse whether the limestone will be stable or unstable in the case of tunnel boring. The results of the analysis suggest that unstabilities are not expected. Evaluation of rock masses regarding the tunnel entrance was executed. In this study, the rock masses were evaluated with only rock mass rating (RMR) calculation. In order to compute RMR values, LB-501 boring data were used to calculate the uniaxial compressive strength and average point load strength. The limestone unit of Beydaglari Formation had an RMR value of 35 and was classified as a poor rock.
Citation - WoS: 26
Citation - Scopus: 33
Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Pyroclastic Rocks (cappadocia, Turkey) by Gene Expression Programming
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2019) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Fener, Mustafa; Kahraman, Sair
Compressive strength of rocks is an important factor in structural design in rock engineering. Compressive strength can be determined in the laboratory by means of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, or it can be estimated indirectly by simple experiments such as point load strength (PLT) test and Schmidt hammer rebound test. Although the UCS test method is time-consuming and expensive, it is simple when compared to other methods. Therefore, many studies have been performed to estimate UCS values of rocks. Studies indicated that correlation coefficient of rock groups is low unless they are classified as metamorphic, sedimentary, or volcanic. Pyroclastic rocks are widely used as construction materials because of the fact that they crop out over extensive areas in the world. To estimate the UCS values of pyroclastic rocks in Central and Western Anatolia region, Turkey, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and gene expression programming (GEP) were employed and during the analysis, and PLT, rho(d), rho(s), and n were used as the independent variables. Based on the analysis results, it was detected that the GEP methods gave better results than MLR method. Additionally, the correlation coefficient (R-2) values of training and sets of validation of the GEP-I model are 0.8859 and 0.9325, respectively, and this model, thereby, is detected the best of generation individuals for prediction of the UCS.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 17
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Physical Properties and Capillary Water Absorption Values of Building Stones by Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
(ELSEVIER, 2021) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Barstuğan, Mücahid; Fener, Mustafa
The most important factor in the movement of groundwater or mineral precipitation in building stones is the capillary water absorption properties of the rock. Besides, capillary water absorption is one of the most important parameters in the degradation process of building stones. The determination of the capillary water absorption values of rocks is a very time-consuming and sensitive process. In this study, the capillary water absorption values of 100 different rock samples were predicted by simple regression (SR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) method using physical properties (dry density, P-wave velocity, porosity, water absorption of weight). In the evaluation performed by the SR, although the correlation coefficients in the relationships between the physical and capillary water absorption properties of rocks varied between 0.676 and 0.911, it was observed that the values predicted from these relationships for the samples with high capillary water absorption (C > 200 g/m(2)/s(0.5)) were deviated from the experimental values. In the MLR analysis, the highest correlation coefficient was found to be (R-2 : 0.708). Among the physical properties used as input parameters in the ANN method, the dry density property indicated the best correlation coefficient in the training (R-2 : 0.9587) and testing (R-2 : 0.9603) results. Furthermore, it was determined that the approach developed with the ANN was more reliable in predicting capillary water absorption values.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 6
Evaluation of Weathering Effects Due To Surface and Deep Moisture in a Roman Rock Tomb: Lukianos Monument Konya (turkey)
(UNIV AGEAN, DEPT MEDITERRANEAN STUD, 2020) İnce, İsmail; Korkanç, Mustafa; Hatır, Mehmet Ergün
Water is an integral component of direct and indirect decomposition processes that may lead to the deterioration of stone building materials in cultural heritage. Since the deterioration effects caused by water may cause irreversible problems in the whole monument, the detection of water is extremely important. Although there are many methods of moisture measurement (nuclear magnetic resonance, electrical resistance measuring, infrared thermography, radar, moisture meter) in the literature, there is no study in which deep and surface moisture values are evaluated together in monuments. For this purpose, the Lukianos Monument (Beysehir, Konya-Turkey), which was created by carving on the rock surface, was investigated for a better understanding of the causes and development of the deterioration mechanisms of cultural stone heritage using surface moisture (SM) and deep moisture (DM) meters. It was aimed to determine the behavior of surface and subsurface water in the stone material by applying both methods. For this, firstly, deep and surface moisture data were processed on orthophoto obtained from the photographs of the monument. The P-wave velocity (Vp) test was also performed to determine the deterioration effects caused by water, which is mostly present in the form of moisture in structures on the rock. According to the results obtained from the study, contour scaling type deterioration and lower P-wave velocity values were obtained in parts where low DM values were determined in response to high SM values. The development of biological colonizationwas commonly observed in the regions with high moisture (surface and deep) values.
Citation - WoS: 44
Citation - Scopus: 50
An Experimental Investigation of Shear Strength Behavior of a Welded Bimrock by Meso-Scale Direct Shear Tests
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Avşar, Elif
Bimrocks have been rarely studied due to their inhomogeneous properties, challenges related to specimen preparation and tedious in-situ tests. This study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the shear strength parameters as well as the deformation behavior of a highly welded bimrock using laboratory meso-scale direct shear tests. In addition digital image processing analyses (DIP) and fragmentation fractal dimension (DF) calculations were made to quantify the geometrical and structural properties of the bimrock. It was concluded that the block size distribution of Sille bimrock is scale-invariant and shows fractal fragmentation. Moreover the block sizes have power-law distributions and there is evident skewness in normal distribution. The test results demonstrated that with the increase of volumetric block proportions (VBP), the internal friction angle (phi) of the bimrock increases whereas its cohesion (c) decreases. Strain softening behavior was observed after attaining the peak shear stress for all normal stresses and the VBP values. It is revealed that the normal stress is more effective than the VBP on the development of dilatation/contraction behavior. Lastly, the negative correlation between the DF and the peak shear stress indicated that the shear strength of the bimrock increases while the proportion of relatively small blocks in the specimen decreases.

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