01. Araştırma Çıktıları | WoS | Scopus | TR-Dizin | PubMed

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The Adsorption of Cr(vi) and Organic Matter by New Generation Pyrolysis Char
(2021) Kalem, Merve; Yel, Esra; Arıkan, Zafer
Waste vehicle tires (WT) and high density polyetylene (HDPE) were pyrolyzed at 300, 500 and 700°C by slow pyrolysis. Solid product (pyrolysis char) were collected and pyrolysis char was used as adsorbent for COD and Cr(VI) removal. The char samples were characterized by BET, EDS, SEM and XRD analysis. Based on the BET, SEM and XRD results of the char samples, WT 700 can be used as adsorbents for Cr (VI) and organic material adsorptions. Cr(VI) and COD removal efficiency of char adsorbent were investigated. In the adsorption experiments, char was used as 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL doses and at 50°C and 80°C adsorption temperatures. The effects of adsorption temperature and char dosage on the adsorption efficiency were invesitigated. The maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of this new generation char was found to be 14.09 mg/g for 80°C adsorption temperatures. 0.5 g/100 mL adsorbent dose was bettter in COD and Cr (VI) removals. The correlation of PSD1 (pseudo first order kinetic model) was better than PSD2 (pseudo second order kinetic model) for all doses. The Temkin and Langmuir isotherms were better isotherm for COD and Cr(VI) removals, respectively. A new approach were present to evaluation of waste HDPE and waste tires with this study.
Citation - Scopus: 2
Air Quality Status in Konya City Centre, Konya, Turkey During Pandemic Covid-19
(Institute of Physics, 2022) Yahaya, N. Z.; Jalaludin, J.; Toros, H.; Dursun, S.
High developed industry regions, provincial centers with a heavy traffic and dense populations with cold winters, using low-quality fossil fuel consumption have an effect on quality of life especially for people with respiratory diseases. The air quality data gathered from air monitoring stations for the City Center of Konya, Turkey were analysed statistically during the period when curfew due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The restrictions that cause the reduction of vehicle exhaust emissions, which are important factors in the formation of some air pollutants, are thought to be effective in improving the air quality as well as meteorological conditions are effective on the days when the air quality is analysed. It is thought that the reduction in HC, NOx, CO and PM emissions, which can be evaluated as exhaust emissions, will be an effective factor due to the restrictions of Covid-19 pandemic. Comparing between the 2019 and 2020 MCO data, we identified that most of the gases decreased with NO2 (-24 ?g/m3), SO2 (-24 ?g/m3), CO (-37 ?g/m3) and an increment of O3 of +50 ?g/m3 which indicates that the MCO and restricted of movement were give an impact to air quality levels in Konya City. The increase in O3 values were found by the existing of the sun rays in the atmosphere with the formation of O3 during the clean air period. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 7
Alternative Approach for Safe Disposal of Dry Olive Pomace: Pyrolysis With/Without Physical Preprocessing
(SPRINGER, 2020) Dinç, Gamze; Yel, Esra
The aim of this study is to present an alternative approach for disposal by using pyrolysis for dry olive pomace (which is the leftover portion of raw olive pomace), which constitutes a problem in olive oil production facilities. In this context, dry olive pomace was pyrolyzed at 600 degrees C and two different pyrolysis durations: 5 degrees C/min heating rate without retention (total pyrolysis duration is 80 min) and 1 degrees C/min heating rate with 30-min retention after reaching target pyrolysis temperature (total pyrolysis duration is 550 min). Afterward, the effects of the dry olive pomace mixed with the olive mill wastewater and the pomace particle size during the pyrolysis process were evaluated in terms of pyrolysis product yields, inorganic contents of chars and organic fractions of bio-oil. While mixing of pomace within the wastewater resulted in an increase in the pyrolysis liquid, the effects of pomace particle size on pyrolysis product yields changed based on the pyrolysis conditions. A decrease in the particle size from 2 to 0.85 mm resulted in an increase in gas by 37.3% and a decrease in liquid by 37% at the pyrolysis process of 80 min. Furthermore, the decrease in the pomace size in grinding preprocess enhanced pyrolysis liquid quality in terms of a decrease in oxygenated compounds by 5-13% and an increase in aliphatic compounds by 7-20% at both pyrolysis durations. Consequently, dry olive pomace pyrolysis can be stated as one of the effective alternatives for safe disposal by converting waste into useful end products. Graphic abstract
Citation - WoS: 1
Ambient Particle Matter Pollution of Bosnia District of Konya City, Turkey
(HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT ASSOC, 2019) Dursun, Şükrü
Population growth, urbanization, industrialization and migration have been effected in city in the recent century since the beginning of the world is the most important problems. Konya city Turkey during last 2-3-decade, important province pile pollution has increased a median. Air pollution, which started to be effective after 1975 in Konya, is the most important question of the city today. Konya Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection and Control Department's regulation on the subject continues air pollution follows: It is important to board of directors with air pollution. The air quality measuring devices of Konya city are monitored on the regularly and are also shared online for the public to follow. In addition, the appearance of polluting sources influences the causes of a pollutant (Industry, Traffic and Domestic Business) in the city. For this purpose, the project of Modelling Air Quality and Creating Clean Air Action Plans was launched in 2017. Air Pollution monitoring project results, which were prepared and completed in 2009, are aimed to be prepared and already underway. It focusses on reducing airborne levels towards this goal; we evaluate it in every dimension and implement the explanation. Bosnia district of the Konya is the most fast-growing part with parallel to increasing university student in the region. In this study atmospheric particle matter levels were investigated and modelled. Evaluation and evaluation of the measurement results were made by Surfer v8 program and modelling maps were created. Form the results of this study; source of air pollution will be investigated. As a result of the evaluation of the measurement results made at 22 different points, it was observed that when the assessment was made according to the WHO and EPA, values were higher than the limit values at some measurement points.
ANAEROBİK ÇAMUR ÇÜRÜTÜCÜLERDE FARKLI KATI MADDE ALIKONMA SÜRELERİNDE UÇUCU YAĞ ASİTLERİ VE ALKALİNİTENİN BİYOGAZ ÜRETİM VERİMİNE ETKİLERİ
(2022) Nas, Bilgehan; Koyuncu, Serdar
Yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılabilecek biyokütleden bir tanesi de atıksu arıtma tesislerinde arıtma sonrası oluşan arıtma çamurlarıdır. Arıtma çamurlarının anaerobik proseslerde çürütülmesi ile biyogaz eldesi mümkün olmaktadır. Atıksu arıtma tesislerinin işletme maliyetlerinin önemli bir kısmını enerji maliyetleri oluşturmaktadır. Anaerobik çamur çürütücülerinde maksimum verimin sağlanabilmesi için prosesin optimum katı madde alıkonma süresi (SRT)’de ve işletme parametre değerlerinde çalıştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; 200 bin m3/gün kapasiteli olan ve 4 kademeli Bardenpho prosesinden oluşan Konya kentsel atıksu arıtma tesisinde bulunan 4 adet mezofilik anaerobik çamur çürütücülerde gerçek ölçekli bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Ortalama işletme sıcaklığı ve hacimleri aynı olan referans ve denek çürütücüler seçilmiştir. Referans çürütücüde, tasarım değeri olan SRT 20 gün olacak şekilde 240 gün boyunca, denek çürütücülerde ise SRT 17 ve 23 gün olacak şekilde 120’şer gün boyunca gerçek ölçekli proses işletilmiştir. Anaerobik çamur çürütücülerin işletme parametrelerinden olan Uçucu Yağ Asitleri (UYA) ve Alkalinite değerlerinin farklı SRT’lerde biyogaz üretimine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. SRT 17, 20 ve 23 gün için sırasıyla %86, %83, %87 UYA giderimi gerçekleşmiştir. En fazla biyogaz üretimi SRT 17 gün senaryosunda ortalama 4,756 m3/gün olarak gerçekleşmiştir.
Ancient Karez System in Afghanistan: the Perspective of Construction and Maintenance
(2019) Himat, Abobakar; Doğan, Selim
Ancient Karez has a history of millennium. Karez is underground tunnel which is constructed in ground by digging the main well of the system and extending underground tunnel in foothills of the mountains. This system extracts groundwater to surface by gravity without using any pumping equipment. Ancient Karez system is viable in hot, arid and semi-arid climate regions. These systems are one of the best ways of extracting groundwater by gravity in such poor regions. Minimum slope is vital for extracting groundwater to the surface in Karez system. In this study, the perspective of construction and maintenance of Karez system in Afghanistan is assessed. Information related to Karez construction and maintenance is provided in order to improve the quality of work during these processes. The Karez system cannot be used effectively if construction and maintenance processes are not carried out properly. This will affect agricultural productions, water supply and social life in the region. Some possible solutions are suggested for the mitigation of the risk of collapsing and extinction of Karez systems. Some recommendations are provided to encourage the associated organizations in Afghanistan for rehabilitation of Karez irrigation and water supply system.
Citation - WoS: 35
Citation - Scopus: 47
Application of Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (sbbr) in Dairy Wastewater Treatment
(KOREAN INSTITUTE CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, 2019) Öztürk, Arzu; Aygün, Ahmet; Nas, Bilgehan
Application of lab-scale sequencing batch (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBR) for treatment of dairy wastewater was investigated under organic loading of 1,130-1,560 gBOD(5)/m(3)d. The main characteristics of the dairy wastewater were: pH=4.9, chemical oxygen demand (COD)=16,264 mg/l; biological oxygen demand (BOD5)=10,536 mg/l, PO4-P=342 mg/l; total nitrogen (TN)=224 mg/l. SBBR was filled with the Kaldnes K1 biocarrier at 30% of the volume of empty reactor. The SBR and SBBR were operated in fixed 24 h cycles, each consisting of 30 min fill up, 22 h aeration, 1.5 h settle, 30 min decant, and idle with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8 days. Operational parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), solids retention time (SRT) and sludge volume index (SVI) were monitored during the whole cycle. The effects of these parameters on the COD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal were discussed in this paper. As a result, adding biocarrier to the reactor had a positive effect on organic with COD removal of 63.5% for SBR and 81.8% for SBBR and nutrient removal with ammonium removal of 66.0% for SBR and 85.1% for SBBR in treatment of dairy wastewater.
Atık Yağ, Gres ve Lipid Maddeleri ile Uzun Zincirli Yağ Asitlerinin Anaerobik Prosesle Arıtılabilirliği Üzerine Derleme Çalışması
(2022) Erdirençelebi, Dilek
Bu derleme çalışması kapsamında yağ, gres ve lipid maddelerinden (YGLM) anaerobik biyoteknoloji ile biyoenerji eldesi, atıksulardaki kaynakları, oluşumları, biyolojik parçalanma özellikleri, anaerobik arıtım mikrobiyolojisi ve uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Etkin YGLM giderimi gerçekleştiren gerçek ölçekli anaerobik proses uygulamalarına ait bilgi ulusal literatürde bulunmamakta ve mevcut uygulamalar kentsel çamur çürütme ile endüstriyel ölçekte atıksulardan kolay ayrışabilir organik madde giderimi ile sınırlı kalmaktadır. Hindistan ve Çin gibi fosil yakıt kaynağı bulunmayan ülkelerde evsel atıksuların da anaerobik arıtıma yönlendirilmesi, bu prosesin uygulama potansiyelinin geniş kapsamını göstermektedir. YGLM evsel ve birçok endüstriyel atıksu/atıkta farklı konsantrasyonlarda bulunurken sonraki biyolojik arıtım performansını korumak için çoğunlukla yağ ayırma ünitelerinde atık olarak atıksulardan ayrılmakta ve depolama sahalarına veya çimento fabrikalarına gönderilerek uzaklaştırılmaktadır. Mevcut durumda aerobik prosesle işletilen ve yüksek maliyetlere yol açan endüstriyel atıksu arıtımında anaerobik prosesin yaygınlaşması ve YGLM’nin enerji kaynağı olarak prosese katılması önemli ekonomik katkı sağlayacaktır. YGLM’nin yüksek metan/enerji eldesine dönüşüm potansiyelinin optimum şekilde açığa çıkması için uygun reaktör tipi seçimi ile organik yükleme hızı (OYH), besleme modu ile inhibisyon önleme gibi özel proses işletim şartları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı olarak YGLM’nin anaerobik prosesle değerlendirilmesine yönelik sahada arıtım ile akademik araştırma çalışmalarına katkı sağlaması amacıyla literatürde verilen teorik ve uygulama bilgilerinin derlenmesi ile oluşturulmuştur. YGLM’nin ilk basamak hidroliz reaksiyonunda oluşan ara ürünlerin yüksek sayıda C zincirli ve hidrofobik yapıları nedeniyle anaerobik mikroorganizmalar üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi oluşmakta, biyokütlenin reaktörde flotasyonu ve sonrasında kaçışı ile proses bozulması gerçekleşmektedir. Yapılan ilk arıtım çalışmalarında inhibisyon etkisinin kontrolünde toplam yağ asidi konsantrasyonunun eşik değeri belirlenmiş fakat ilerleyen araştırmalarda farklı yağ asidi türleri için farklı inhibisyon değerleri ve etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ardışık anaerobik reaksiyonlarla yağ asitlerinin oksidasyon hızını ve yönünü etkileyen önemli mikrobiyal reaksiyonlar belirlenmiştir. Kesikli besleme modu, reaktörde biyokütle tutunumu sağlayan düşük OYH, floküler çamur ve mezofilik sıcaklık seviyesi gibi işletim koşulları ile yeterli seyrelme sağlayan reaktör tipleri uygun bulunmuştur. Ayrıca protein içerikli atıklarla çoklu anaerobik çürütmenin avantaj ve potansiyeli belirtilmiştir.
Atıksu Arıtma Tesisinde Çözünmüş Organik Azotun Biyolojik Parçalanabilirliğinin İncelenmesi
(2020) Küçükçongar, Sezen; Sevil, Ayşe
Atıksu arıtma tesisleri (AAT) çıkışındaki çözünmüş azot, inorganik ve organik formları içermektedir. Nitrifikasyon/denitrifikasyon prosesleri ile donatılmış olan AAT’de yüksek çözünmüş inorganik azot (ÇİA) giderimi (%95’in üzerinde) gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Son yapılan çalışmalar AAT çıkışlarında çözünmüş organik azotun (ÇOA), toplam çözünmüş azot (TÇA) içerisinde önemli bir kısmı oluşturduğunu ve genellikle bu aralığın çıkış TÇA’nın %25-80’i olduğunu göstermiştir. Kompleks oluşu nedeniyle, ÇOA verildiği sucul ortamlarda, azotlu dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri için öncü bileşik olarak, bakteri, alg gelişiminde nutrient olarak davranabilir, çözünmüş oksijeni tüketebilir, membran bozulması, ötrofikasyon ve diğer nitrifikasyon konularında reaksiyonlara katılabilir. Bunların bir sonucu olarak, atıksu arıtımında ÇOA yönetimi önemli bir konudur. Biyolojik parçalanabilen ÇOA (BÇOA), ÇOA’un belirli karışık bakteri kültürü tarafından mineralize edilebilen kısmıdır. Bu çalışmada, ÇOA ve BÇOA’nın 4 bölmeli Bardenpho prosesi bulunan bir atıksu arıtma tesisinde arıtım hattı boyunca değişimi incelenmiştir. Arıtma tesisinde farklı noktalardan temin edilen atıksu örneklerinin biyolojik parçalanabilirliğinin belirlenebilmesi için 28 günlük inkübasyon prosedürünün öncesinde ve sonrasında çözünmüş azot türleri (Kjeldahl, amonyak, nitrit ve nitrat azotu) analiz edilmiştir. ÇOA değerleri ön arıtım çıkışında 1,9-56,76 mg/L ve AAT çıkışında 4,1-19,7 mg/L aralığında tespit edilmiştir. Karışık bakteri kültürü kullanılarak atıksu örneklerinde biyolojik parçalanabilirlik incelenmiş ve AAT arıtım hattında farklı örnekleme zamanlarında %26-98 aralığında belirlenmiştir. BÇOA/TÇA oranı %6-85 aralığında bulunmuştur.
Bazı İlaç Gruplarının Su Ortamına Olan Etkilerinin Akut Toksisite Testleri ile Değerlendirilmesi
(2019) Tongur, Süheyla; Yıldız, Sevil; Yıldırım, Rıfat
Bu çalışmanın amacı, reçeteli veya reçetesiz olarak satılabilen ve tüketimleri her geçen gün artan analjezik-antienflamatuvar ve beta-blocker grubu ilaçların laboratuvar ortamında hazırlanan sentetik atıksularının akut toksisitelerinin incelenmesidir. Farklı konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanarak analiz edilecek olan bu ilaçların Lepidium sativum ve Daphnia magna toksisite testleri kullanılarak akut toksisitelerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Ayrıca kullanılan farklı biyolojik test metotlarının duyarlılık yönünden karşılaştırılması ve bu atıksuların bitki ve akuatik yaşam için toksisitesinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada, ilaç piyasasında kolaylıkla bulunabilen ve bununla birlikte kullanımları gitgide artan üç farklı ilaç türünün Daphnia magna ve Lepidium sativum toksisite testleri kullanılarak toksisitelerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Test sonuçları incelendiğinde her iki toksisite testi için farklı hassasiyetler gözlenmiştir. Kullanılan yöntemler içerisinde en hassas değerlerin elde edildiği test yönteminin Daphnia magna toksisite test metodu olduğu görülmüştür. Daphnia magna deneyinde ilaç etken maddelerinin 24 saat ve 48 saat sonraki değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Daphnia magna deneyinde sonuçların okunduğu süreler açısından karşılaştırıldığında, 24 saat sonunda okunan değerlere göre 48 saat sonunda alınan değerlerde artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Analjeziklerden “Flurbiprofen” etken maddesi için 24 saat ve 48 saat sonraki değerler hesaplandığında Toksik Birim değerinin “çok toksik” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda farklı toksisite testlerinin hassasiyetlerinin de farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma toksisite testlerinin ilaç atıksuları üzerinde kullanılabilirliği açısından ve sonraki çalışmalara ışık tutması açısından önemlidir.
Citation - WoS: 36
Citation - Scopus: 44
Behavior and Removal of Ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole Antibiotics in Three Different Types of Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants: a Comparative Study
(SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, 2021) Nas, Bilgehan; Dolu, Taylan; Koyuncu, Serdar
Due to the inadequate removal rates of drug residues in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), the transition of these compounds into the environment has become a serious environmental problem for ecosystems and public health. In this study, occurrence, fate, and removal of widely consumed two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), selected from fluoroquinolone and sulfonamide groups, respectively were investigated in three different types of full-scale WWTPs located in Turkey. In this context, three WWTPs consisting of advanced biological treatment (large-scale), wastewater stabilization pond (WSP) (medium-scale), and constructed wetland (CW) (small-scale) were selected. While the detected influent concentrations of CIP in WWTPs ranged between the 218.6 and 2733.5 ng/L, maximum influent concentration for SMX in the same plants was determined as 179.7 ng/L. On the other hand, although it was detected at higher concentrations in raw wastewater, CIP was significantly removed in all WWTPs with a removal efficiency ranging from >77.1 to >98.2%. However, SMX showed quite different behaviors depending on the applied wastewater treatment processes in WWTPs in terms of total removal achieved. While treated in WSP well enough (>72.2%), a serious negative removal efficiency (-133.4%) was achieved for SMX in the WWTP having advanced biological treatment. Best removal performance obtained for the both antibiotic compounds among the investigated WWTPs was the medium-scale WSP consisting of anaerobic and facultative stabilization ponds, consecutively. This situation also supported the idea that WWTPs which are operated with higher solid retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) contribute positively in the removal of antibiotic compounds.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 3
Biodegradability of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Yoghurt and Cheese Production Wastewaters
(Springer, 2022) Küçükçongar, Sezen; Gok, Z.; Oden, M. K.; Dursun, S.
Dissolved organic nitrogen can cause undesirable environmental problems in aquatic environments, such as eutrophication, nitrogenous disinfection by-product formation, and a decrease in the amount of dissolved oxygen. 25-80% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants is dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) form. As a result of these concerns, the biodegradability and management of DON is important issue for domestic/industrial wastewater treatment. Dairy products are widely consumed in Turkey and dairy industry wastewater has a high organic nitrogen content. In this study, the biodegradability of wastewater samples obtained from yoghurt and cheese production industries was investigated. The biodegradability of wastewater samples was determined by using a mixed bacteria culture and identified between 72.2 and 81.7% for yoghurt production wastewater and 19.1-20.1% for cheese production wastewater. BDON/TDN ratio was found as 65.4-71.9% and 16.5-17.5% ranges for yoghurt and cheese production wastewaters, respectively. Although both are released from dairy production, it has been determined that white cheese production wastewater has a very low biodegradability compared to yoghurt production wastewater. It is thought that the results of this study will contribute to the evaluation of the removal efficiency in other industrial facilities and domestic wastewater treatment plants.
Cam Yüzeye Ag ve Ni Nano Parçacıkların Tutunmasına Hazırlama Tekniğinin Etkisi
(2020) Dursun, Şükrü; Ayturan, Zeynep Cansu
Nano malzeme üretimi günümüz dünyasının gelişen konularından bir tanesidir. Bu malzemelerin hazırlanması amacıyla kullanılan hidrotermal, ıslak emdirme gibi birçok yöntem bulunmakla birlikte bunlardan en çok tercih edileni sol-jel yöntemidir. Sol-gel yönteminde, bir öncü malzeme uygun bir çözücü içinde çözülür. Belirli bir karışım periyodunun ardından elde edilen sol üretilmek istenilen malzemeye göre işlemden geçirilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında sol-jel yöntemi kullanılarak nano parçacıklar üretilmiş ve cam yüzeye daldırma ile kaplama yöntemi kullanılarak kaplanmıştır. Temel nano malzeme olarak TiO2 içeren sol daha önceden denenmiş bir teknikle hazırlanmıştır. Doplama amacıyla Ag ve Ni içeren başka bir sol daha hazırlanarak karışmaları sağlanmıştır. Bu sol’ün hazırlanması sırasında karışım periyodu, kimyasal ilave sırası, çeşidi, molar oranları ve miktarları gibi parametrelerde değişiklikler yapılarak elde edilen son ürün üzerindeki tutunma yüzdeleri kıyaslanmıştır. Toplamda 8 adet deneme yapılarak cam yüzeye kaplanmıştır. Nano parçacıkların hazırlanmasında kullanılan bu denemelerin sonuçları, enerji yayılımlı X-Işını (EDX) analizlerine göre Ag ve Ni' nin cam yüzeyinde tutunma konsantrasyonlarına bakılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra ilk 5 deneme için X-ışını kırınım (XRD) analizleri de yaptırılmış ve elde edilen kırınım grafikleri de dikkate alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda denemelerin çoğunluğunda yüksek yüzdelerde tutunma oranları elde edilmiştir. Hazırlama sırasında kullanılan kimyasal ve reaktif sayısının son ürünü ciddi şekilde etkilediği ve kompleks bileşik oluşumuna sebep olabileceği ve yüzeydeki Ag ve Ni tutunmasına en çok etki eden faktörlerin doplanan bileşik yüzdesi, sol içerisine kimyasal ekleme sırası ve sol içerisinde kullanılan kimyasalların molar oranları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
A Comparative Study of Free Chlorine Activated by Fe+2 and Uv C Light Catalysts in the Treatment of Real and Simulated Textile Wastewater: Optimization, Reactive Species and Phytotoxicity Assessment
(Elsevier, 2022) Türkyılmaz, Mehmet
A large amount of wastewater originating from the textile industry causes serious aesthetic and ecological problems in receiving environments due to its complex structure, variability in composition and high color content. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to integrate different cost-effective and environmentally friendly treatment processes to ensure the proper treatment and reuse of dye-containing wastewater before it is finally discharged into the environment. For this purpose, different synergistic activities of chlorine oxidant under Fe+2 and UV light catalysis were investigated in the removal of Acid Black 220 (AB 220), Bemacid Red (BR) and Bemacid Blue (BB) synthetic dyes used in the dyeing of polyamide textile products. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, chlorine and Fe+2 dosage on dye degradation were investigated. Contributions of reactive species formed by using nitrobenzene (NB), t-butanol (TBA), and isopropanol (IPA) radical scavengers as specific probes were determined. Molar ratios were determined for optimum chlorine and Fe+2 concentrations and validation experiments were performed for different initial dye concentrations. Chlorine/Fe+2 was also applied to a real textile wastewater sample to which the specified dye recipe was applied. The effects of raw and treated textile wastewater on seed germination and plant growth parameters were determined using Lepidium sativum (L. sativum). The presence of iron ions and UV light has increased the removal, Chlorine/Fe+2 combination was chosen as the most suitable process due to initial investment and operating costs. The best performance was obtained at pH 3, due to the effect of pH on the dissociation of hypochlomus acid (HClO) and hypochlorite ion (ClO-). With the increase of Fe+2 and chlorine doses to the optimal level, the degradation efficiency increased and harmful effects were observed at high doses. Removal efficiencies of 76.1 %, 94.99 % and 97.36 %, respectively, were obtained for AB 220, BR and BB under optimized conditions. It was determined that hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH) have the highest contribution, dichloride radical (center dot Cl-2(-)) and chlorine (center dot Cl) radicals are similar and effective at a good level, but chlorine oxide radical (center dot ClO) cannot be considered as an oxidizing radical in the Chlorine/Fe+2 system. By applying Chlorine/Fe+2 to a real textile wastewater sample, high efficiency (>90 %) was obtained in terms of color removal. Considering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, when compared to the efficiency of the process in color removal, it was seen that the removal was quite ineffective for AB 220 and BR, but was at an acceptable level in the real wastewater sample. The phytotoxicity experiments proved that raw wastewater is harmful and treated wastewater is much less toxic than the studied parameters and can be reused for various purposes. Therefore, the findings of this study showed that chlorination in the presence of Fe+2 is very effective, simple and fast in removing color from synthetic dye samples and real textile wastewater, and the treated wastewater is safe for reuse in terms of physicochemical parameters and toxicity.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Comparative Study of Olive Pomace Pyrolysis With/Without Ultrasonic Preprocessing
(SPRINGER, 2020) Dinç, Gamze; Yel, Esra
Although ultrasonic preprocessing has been mainly used before olive pomace anaerobic process, there has not been any study of the effect of ultrasonic preprocessing on olive pomace pyrolysis. Therefore, in this study, ultrasonic was applied to the biomass as a preliminary process before the pyrolysis to examine its effects on both quality and quantity of the end products. Within this scope, pyrolysis gas, liquid, solid product yields, char inorganic contents and pyrolysis liquid organic fractions with or without preprocessing were investigated. Although the preprocessing resulted in a 5-10% decrease in bio-oil quantity, it enabled obtaining pyrolysis liquids with higher quality by increasing the percentage of the aliphatic compounds. Among the ultrasonic preprocessing conditions studied, it turned out that the one which applied 30 W power for 10 min was the best condition which provided the highest decrease in the percentage of the oxygenated compounds by 24% within the pyrolysis liquid. Under all ultrasonic preprocessing conditions, when compared to the bio-oils obtained without preprocessing, the biggest increase occurred in the organic compounds with carbon numbers between 9 and 15. Moreover, when the preprocessing was applied, the total number of compounds in the pyrolysis liquid increased by at least 8 and at most 49. While the ultrasonic preprocessing caused a decrease in the char quantity by less than 1%, the inorganic content of the chars altered based on the preprocess condition. The highest total inorganic quantity in chars was obtained at the pyrolysis after preprocessing at the lowest power and the shortest duration.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Designing Approach of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite by Combination of Fibrillated Olive Pomace and Marble Powder
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Kawano, Tessei; Dinç, Gamze; Yel, Esra; Andou, Yoshito
The development of effective methods to utilize industrial and agricultural wastes is crucial from the perspective of a circular economy. Marble powder and olive pomace (OP), byproducts of olive oil production and marble processing, are considered one of the major sources causing severe environmental pollution, especially in Mediterranean countries. Herein, marble powder and OP are aimed to use as fillers in polypropylene (PP)-based polymer composite. In addition, fractionated OP is further fibrillated by a combination of mechanical grinding and ionic liquid treatment to enhance its performance as a reinforcement. After treatment for 24 h, the particle size decreases from about 2.1 to 1.1 mu m, and the lignocellulosic composition also varies due to the partial removal of hemicellulose. Finally, the compounding ratio of polymer composites consisting of PP, marble powder, fibrillated OP, and compatibilizer is optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to achieve both high mechanical properties and high filler contents. Mechanical properties of polymer composite fabricated with optimum ratio are in excellent agreement with those predicted by RSM. Furthermore, the yield strength and Young's modulus of polymer composite are 33.9 MPa and 1.89 GPa, accordingly, which are higher than those of PP.
Determination of Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using a Laboratory-Built Passive Sampler
(PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2020) Kara, Gülnihal
Ammonia (NH3) concentrations were measured at nine locations using passive samplers where the malodor is intense in the central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey. A badge-type passive sampler suitable for both indoor and outdoor use was developed in the study to sample the NH3 gas released. The detection limit for a two-week exposure period is approximately 0.34 mu g/m(3). Validation of the passive samplers' performance was carried out by means of an experimental setup located in a laboratory environment. The field performance of the passive samplers was evaluated by analyzing samples simultaneously collected from nine different locations in the Konya WWTP during summer and fall periods. Higher NH3 concentrations were measured in the samples collected in summer than in those collected in fall. The 15-day average NH3 concentrations determined in the air samples collected from the plant inlet, pump unit 1, pump unit 2, bar screen, grit chamber, primary setting, and the sludge thickener (two locations) were determined to vary in the range of 21.58-61.70 mu g/m(3) for the samples collected in summer and in the range of 11.10-63.0 mu g/m(3) for those collected in fall. The highest concentrations were found in the bar screen, prior to the induction of chemical biological treatment.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 4
Development of a Highly Sensitive Sampler for Atmospheric Monitoring of 8-H Ambient Ozone Concentrations
(KOREAN SOC ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS, 2020) Kara, Gülnihal
A new passive sampler reinforced with a composite membrane was developed to determine the 8-h ozone (O-3) concentration in ambient air. The composite membrane's water absorption capacity and porosity values were found analyzing its surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Ozone adsorption performance of this sampler was tested by a badge-type sampler and automated measurement results. The developed sampler gave results equivalent (R-2 = 0.85) to those of automated O-3 monitors, and its experimental sampling rate was determined to be 55 cm(3)/min, approximately two times higher than the rate of the badge-type sampler. The detection limit obtained (5.3 mu g/m(3), 8 h sampling) in the study was adequate for winter-period samplings where in the ozone concentration is low in urban and semi-urban areas. Multimedia sampling results revealed that the results of the developed passive sampler had a high repeatability (RSD < 20%). Passive samplers reinforced with composite membranes were tested by badge-type samplers performing simultaneous samplings in land conditions. Area sampling results indicated that badge-type samplers were not suitable for 8-h area samplings, but tube-type samplers could be used.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Effect of Fractional Distillation Pretreatment on Fuel Quality of Plastic Waste Pyrolytic Oils
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Kalem Soğancıoğlu, Merve
Today, the amount of plastic waste is increasing due to the use of more plastic. Since these wastes are composed of complex chemical compounds, when they are stored, they are difficult to degrade in the air, water and soil environment and pose a serious environmental problem. One of the disposal methods of plastic waste is pyrolysis, where valuable and useful products are obtained. The pyrolytic oil products formed in the pyrolysis process can also be evaluated with their rich hydrocarbon compositions in the production of chemicals, energy production and fuel production. However, in order to evaluate this product in various fields, it would be good to improve the product quality with some pre-processes. In this study, the quality of HDPE and LDPE type pyrolytic oils was improved by fractional distillation. Distillation fractions usability as fuel was examined. By measuring the quality parameters of the bottom and distilled fraction obtained from the fraction process, its usability as gasoline (bottoms fraction) and fuel oil (distillate fraction) were evaluated according to TS EN 2177 and TS EN 228 standards, respectively. LDPE distillation efficiencies are higher than HDPE distillation efficiencies as LDPE pyrolytic oils are distilled more easily. The sulfur content of the distilled fractions obtained after distillation fell below limit values ??and showed a positive situation in terms of the use of distilled products as gasoline. HDPE300, HDPE400, HDPE500 and HDPE600 distillate fractions provided the standard / limit values ??given in TS EN 228 standards in terms of all parameters considered in the study. Similarly, in terms of all quality parameters considered, HDPE300, HDPE400 and LDPE500, LDPE600 and LDPE700 bottom fractions are compatible with the standard / limit values ??given in TS 2177 standards. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
The Effect of Particulate Matter Pollution of Saharan Dust Over Europe in May-2020: a Case Study of Karaman City Center, Turkey
(UNIV SINDH, NATL CENTRE EXCELLENCE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 2020) Sassi, Ashour; Ivanov, Serguei; Toros, Hüseyin; Dursun, Şükrü
Desert dust rising from the African region and covered very long distances with meteorological events can be an important source of pollution for many countries from time to time. Although dust and sand masses that remain in the atmosphere for a long time are known to be inert and stable, but studies show that they affect vegetative production by changes in precipitation and radiation regimes. It is important for natural phenomena and has also revealed their effects in regions over which the atmospheric transport occurs. The Sahara dust storm of mid-May 2020 has strongly, affected many European countries. The Sahara dust and hot air transport is reported over the Mediterranean region to the Balkans and further to Turkey. Depending on the climatic conditions, the Sahara dust may remain in some regions for longer period. Rainy and humid weather conditions slow down the flow of dust and increase the settling rate in that region. In such cases it creates mud-like precipitation accompanying with rain. In this study, Sahara dust pollution effect is investigated for a particulate event pollution with the use of measurements from the network system in all cities in Turkey. For this purpose, the values of Particulate Matter (PM) pollution are analysed before the desert dust reached Turkey, during the event and when it left the country. PM measurement values in Karaman province were examined and it was shown that the Sahara dust increased significantly in the period when it reached this region. Then, PM values were seen to come down to normal levels.

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