Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/1624

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Citation - WoS: 50
Citation - Scopus: 55
Advanced Oxidation of Landfill Leachate: Removal of Micropollutants and Identification of By-Products
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Ateş, Havva; Argun, Mehmet Emin
Landfill leachate contains several macropollutants and micropollutants that cannot be removed efficiently by conventional treatment processes. Therefore, an advanced oxidation process is a promising step in post or pre-treatment of leachate. In this study, the effects of Fenton and ozone oxidation on the removal of 16 emerging micropollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, alkylphenols and pesticides were investigated. The Fenton and ozone oxidation of the leachate were performed with four (reaction time: 20-90 min, Fe(II) dose: 0.51-2.55 g/L, H2O2 dose: 5.1-25.5 g/L and pH: 3-5) and two (ozonation time: 10-130 min and pH: 4-10) independent variables, respectively. Among these operating conditions, reaction time played more significant role (p-value < 0.05) in eliminating di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate, 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol for both processes. The results showed that Fenton and ozone oxidation processes had a high degradation potential for micropollutants except for the PAHs including four and more rings. Removal efficiencies of micropollutants by ozone and Fenton oxidation were determined in the range of 5-100%. Although the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and some micropollutants such as phthalates were found much higher in the Fenton process than ozonation, the degradation products occurred during the Fenton oxidation were a higher molecular weight. Moreover, the oxidation intermediates for the both processes were found as mainly benzaldehyde, pentanoic acid and hydro cinnamic acid as well as derivatives of naphthalenone and naphthalenediol. Also, acid ester with higher molecular weight, naphthalene-based and phenolic compounds were detected in the Fenton oxidation.
Citation - Scopus: 4
An Analysis and Countermeasures of Fatal Accidents Caused by Firedamp Explosions in Underground Coal Mines in Turkey
(2019) Dursun, Arif Emre
Fatal accidents in underground coal mines in Turkey are common and experienced frequently. The major accident categories for underground coal mining in Turkey are gas related accidents (firedamp and outbursts), roof falls, flooding, fire and transport. In recent years, coal mine gas related accidents in Turkey, which are usually caused by firedamp and outbursts, are still threatening miners’ lives. Firedamp explosions are majorly serious mine accidents that can occur quickly and cause great deal damage. In this study, work-related accidents caused by firedamp and another gas accidents in Turkey between the years 2010-2016 were analyzed. As a result of these analyses, the number of deaths in underground coal mines in the past 7 years is 550 and the fatality rate is found to be 96.86%. The percentage of gases as the cause of the deaths is 70.18%. In this study, countermeasures are proposed that can prevent and control firedamp explosions and other gas related accidents.
Citation - WoS: 3
Application of the Shrinking-Core Models for Determination of Dissolution Kinetics of Mn and Zn From Spent Zinc-Carbon Battery Powder in Organic Acid Solution
(SCIENDO, 2019) Ağaçayak, Tevfik; Taner, Hasan Ali
In this study, dissolution kinetics of manganese and zinc from spent zinc-carbon batteries in acetic acid solution was investigated. To determine the kinetics of dissolution of manganese and zinc, shrinking core model was applied to dissolution recoveries obtained at different temperatures. As a result of kinetic studies, it was determined that manganese and zinc were dissolved in acetic acid solution by diffusion from product layer and then activation energies (Ea) were calculated.
Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (tls) in Mining: a Review
(LİDAR, 2021) Kekeç Bilgehan; Bilim Niyazi; Karakaya Emre; Ghiloufi Dhikra
This study investigates in depth Terrestrial Laser Scanning technology (TLS), its working and measurement principle, 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning softwares and the advantages of this scanning method. This paper also stresses the advantages of adopting this technology in quarries and mines and provides examples of researches that have demonstrated the superiority of TLS systems over the traditional scanning methods in terms of practicability, reliability and accuracy in numerous mining engineering applications such as deformation measurements, rock fall and landslide control, volume calculations and detection of discontinuities.
Art Education To Enhance Design Thinking for Underground Spaces
(2021) Gökay Mehmet Kemal; Gökay Melek
Humans need numerous raw materials to compensate for their covering, protection, and energy requirements. Anything obtained from the earth is either mined or grown. Considering excavation and mining operations for different purposes leads people to different design parameters. Living in the underground for civil purposes has its conditions to think about. Caves, abandoned mines, and new purposely opened underground excavations could be used for civil engineering purposes. Rock masses around underground openings opened for any purpose have rock-based structural features besides those originating from excavation operations. Therefore, engineers and designers working on underground space design projects should be ready to deal with them by enhancing their design ability, including their creative thinking. Concentrating on creative arts has usually been mentioned first to improve the original thinking capacity of designers. Uncertain conditions in engineering facts have forced designers to formulate their own solutions by accepting certain risks. Designing futuristic living spaces in/on rock masses needs creative thinking of workers, engineers, scientists, architects, artists, designers, etc. Moreover, skills and knowledge obtained from excavating and using historical underground cities, caves, tunnels, and underground mines for several purposes are also available for evaluation by creative designers. Combining those experiences with rock and soil engineering knowledge improves engineering designs’ efficiency. Art and its education play an essential role in enhancing designers’ imaginations and thinking capacities. Art’s positive impacts on engineering creativity are discussed here to point out the importance of art and art education.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 17
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Level of Soil and Water in the Region of Corlu (turkey)
(SPRINGER, 2021) Manisa, Kaan; Erdoğan, Mehmet; Usluer, Ali; Çetinkaya, Hakan; Işık, Ulaş; Şahin, Latife; Zedef, Veysel
The activity concentrations of Rn-222 with an AlphaGUARD system in well having different depths and in natural spring waters were measured to assess the natural radioactivity level of the corlu region. The measured concentrations varied from 22.04 to 63.92 Bq L-1 for 6 well water samples, 15.38-24.33 Bq L-1 for 6 spring water samples. The activity concentrations from U-238, Th-232 and K-40 in 11 soil samples collected from the same region were also determined and the outdoor gamma dose rates at 1 m above the surface at the same sampling points were measured. The results obtained in this study lie within safe limits recommended by WHO and UNSCEAR with the exception of the mean specific activity of K-40 radionuclide.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 4
Assessment of the Effect of Blasthole Design Parameters on Total Cost in Quarries
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Bilim, Niyazi; Çelik, Arif; Kekeç, Bilgehan
Crushed stone is the most important raw material for concrete and asphalt production. As a high-volume low-unit-value industry, the crushed stone production sector is highly competitive which implies the necessity to optimise the costs of all of its production operations, i.e. drilling and blasting, secondary breaking, loading, hauling and crushing. In this context, this paper investigates the effect of bench blasting design parameters on the unit-costs and total production cost of aggregate production. For this purpose, 40 blasts were conducted and investigated. The studied parameters included different blasthole length (12 m, 15 m, 18 m, 21.5 m and 25 m) and diameter (89 mm and 102 mm), in addition to different spacing, burden and stemming length. As a result, it was found that an increase in blasthole length led to an increase in the unit cost of drilling operation. In addition, it was found that a blasthole length of 15 m ensured optimum fragmentation, diminishing the costs of subsequent operations. Incrementing the blasthole diameter from 89 to 102 mm reduced the total unit cost by 0.091 $/m(3). Incrementing the burden and spacing by 0.25 m also decreased the total unit cost by 0.097 $/m(3). However, accreting the stemming length by 0.5 m induced a slight decrease in the total unit cost by 0.026 $/m(3).
Assessment of Work Accidents in Highway, Street and Bridge Construction
(International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference, 2018) Bilim, Atiye; Çelik, Osman Nuri
Occupational health and safety is an important work discipline that must be included in the working life. Especially, developed countries have been able to place this discipline in working life, while developing countries have still problems. These problems take place both in terms of legislation and practice. The situation is similar to that of developing countries, in Turkey. The construction sector is in line with the development status of a country. The construction sector contributes both directly and indirectly to the country's economy. It has become indispensable for the economy of a country with its share in employment and it stimulates production of goods and services related to the sector. The construction sector is not just about building constructions. We also need bridges, metros and high-speed train lines. Transports have a major contributor to the development of a country. In parallel with technological developments, large investments related with transports become increase. Due to the revival in this sub-sector, the number of work accidents has also tended to increase. Therefore, the work accidents in the highway, street and bridge constructions, which are the sub-activities of the construction sector, must be examined. In this study, work accidents in the sector were analyzed for Turkey and U.S. Also, the share of the sector in total work accidents and construction accidents were determined for Turkey and U.S. The causes of fatal work accidents in highway, street and bridge constructions were mentioned. © 2018, International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. All rights reserved.
Basic Evaluation of Engineering Education and Expectations
(2020) Gökay Mehmet Kemal
Engineers have different responsibilities in different types of business. Engineers are organising works and workplaces according to those profession requires. In certain jobs they are hired for their design and new innovative powers to create new fields to their companies in competitive businesses. Therefore, engineers should be graduated to handle their actual responsibilities. After realising some deficits in engineering education, some engineering faculties have reshaped their education and covered more design and problem solving activities. Graduating engineers in changing world in technology and population requires “engineers” who can meet technological and social rule changes. They should have deep knowledge in their subjects and creative design abilities. Educational methods aimed to reach “good engineers” in engineering faculties are given here to present importance of eternal, analytical and creative knowledge gained by engineering students.
Cleaning of Beysehir (bayavsar) Coal in Turkey With Hydrophobic Flocculation Using Waste Motor Oil
(Univ Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iasi, Editura Univ, 2021) Ağaçayak, Tevfik; Ağca, Osman
In this study, the hydrophobic flocculation behavior of lignite coal obtained from Beysehir region in Turkey and the effect of some parameters were investigated. These parameters were selected as pH, amount of dispersant, amount of binding liquid, flock growth time, stirring speed, flocculation time and solid ratio. The ash content (ash, %) and combustible recovery (CR, %) of the flocks obtained as a result of the experiments were determined. As a result of the studies, the optimum pH value (3), amount of sodium silicate (1 mL), amount of waste motor oil (3 mL), flock growth time (1 min), stirring speed (1250 rpm), flocculation time (2 min) and solid ratio (5 g) were determined. The hydrophobicity of fine coal grains was increased by using waste motor oil. According to the hydrophobic flocculation results of coal grains, flocks with 17.03% ash content and 99.06% combustion recovery were obtained. While the contact angle of the original coal was 44 degrees, it was observed that the contact angle of the obtained flocks reached 117 degrees. It was determined from experiments that the surfaces of the coal grains have a very high hydrophobicity. As a result, clean coal with a reduced ash content of 53.22% was obtained.
Color Differentiation of Wall Stones: Historic Karatay College Building
(2019) Gökay Mehmet Kemal
People in Anatolia have lived mainly in residential houses constructed by concrete and bricks. There are also historic houses in small towns and villages which were built by using building stones, bricks, adobe and wood in combination. However, in the case of public buildings, dimension stones had been used in Anatolia for the main construction material since early times in history. Similarly, Karatay College, (Karatay Madrasah, “Karatay Medresesi”) buildings in Konya had been built by using stones, wood and dimension stones in combination in 1251 for educational purposes. It is logical to think that this building have been repaired several times in history. Some of the early historic photographs (dated 1890) of Konya which were taken for general scenery purposes, covered also Karatay College building. These photos present the college’s main entrance door and its frontier wall. Dimension stones in this wall were also identified through the earlier photographs and their current digitized surface colors have been defined one by one. Color differentiation among them, together with similar stone types’ surface colors observed around Konya city were determined to evaluate weathering influences on this frontier wall stones. Defined surface color changes for analyzed frontier wall stones demonstrated rock weathering due to climate, environments and human influences which should be set to minimum level to protect Karatay college building.
Citation - WoS: 36
Citation - Scopus: 43
Comparison of Advanced Biological Treatment and Nature-Based Solutions for the Treatment of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (phacs): a Comprehensive Study for Wastewater and Sewage Sludge
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Nas, Bilgehan; Dolu, Taylan; Argun, Mehmet Emin; Yel, Esra; Ateş, Havva; Koyuncu, Serdar
Passing of pharmaceutical residues into environment in an uncontrolled manner as a result of continuous increase in drug consumption across the globe has become a threatening problem for the ecosystems and almost all living creatures. In this study, diclofenac (DCF), carbamazepine (CBZ), 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) and 17 alpha ethynylestradiol (EE2) belonging to different therapeutic classes were investigated simultaneously in advanced biological treatment and nature-based treatments during 12-months sampling campaign. In this context, behavior patterns of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) throughout the both wastewater and sludge lines in advanced biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), wastewater stabilization pond (WSP) and constructed wetland (CW) were discussed in detail based on each treatment processes seasonally. Furthermore, statistically evaluated data obtained in full-scale WWTPs were compared with each other in order to determine the valid removal mechanisms of these pharmaceutical compounds. While DCF and CBZ were detected very intensively both in the wastewater and sludge lines of the investigated WWTPs, steroid hormones,17 beta-E2 and EE2, were determined below the LOQ value in general. Annual average removal efficiencies achieved in studied WWTPs for DCF ranged between & minus;23.3% (in CW) and 75.2% (in WSP), while annual average removal rates obtained for CBZ varied between & minus;20.7% (in advanced biological treatment) and 10.0% (in CW). It has been found that DCF was highly affected by different wastewater treatment processes applied in the WWTPs compared to CBZ which showed extraordinary resistance to all different treatment processes. Although calculated in different rates for each compounds, biodegradation/biotransformation and sorption onto sewage sludge were determined as the main removal mechanisms for PhACs in plants. Although showed a similar behavior in the sludge dewatering unit (decanter) present in the advanced biological WWTP, quite different behaviors ob-served in the anaerobic digester for DCF (up to 15% decrease) and CBZ (up to 95% increase). Sorption and desorp-tion behaviors of DCF and CBZ were also evaluated in the sludge treatment processes found in advanced biological WWTP. Percentages of originated extra annual average of pharmaceutical loads were calculated as 0.64% and 0.90% for DCF and CBZ, respectively in the advanced biological WWTP due to the sidestream caused by the sludge dewatering unit. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cool Concrete Facades Produced From Waste Materials.
(2022) Gökay Mehmet Kemal; Doğan Kemal
Human comfort inside or outside of the houses has been related also with surrounding temperature. Concrete masses used in urban areas influence surrounding air temperature due to their heat storage properties. Due to surrounding air temperature they absorb or supply heat energy through conductions, convention or radiation manners. Sun heated solid masses in cities mainly; roads, roofs, buildings’ external walls, parking lots etc. have therefore influenced urban air temperatures. Heat energy originated due to radiation waves of sun have been accumulated on surfaces of those solid materials and then excess heat is ready to be transferred to surrounding environments (solids, liquids, gasses). That is, excess heat accumulated on concrete facades or concrete structural elements cause temperature increase around them until their temperatures have been levelled. This is favourable in winter (cold weather) for inside comfort of houses, but, it is disturbing in summer (hot weather) times. Small concrete facade samples had been prepared in this study to define their differences in heat energy storage capacities. Cool facade test samples were studied by preparing them by using raw materials; acidic & basic tuffs, fine waste materials from marble & travertine dimensioning facilities, cement factory fine size wastes, and fly ashes of power plant to observe their heat accumulation characteristics.
DELME HIZI VE BASKI KUVVETİNİN ENERJİ TÜKETİMİNE ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASI
(2019) Bilim, Niyazi; Karakaya, Emre
Artan sanayileşme ve madenciliğin gelişmesiyle beraber dünyada son yıllarda sondaj çalışmaları artmıştır. Madencilikte birçok amaçla kaya birimlerinde delikler delinmektedir. Kayaların farklı ekipmanlarla delinmesi esnasında makinelerin performansına birçok faktör etki etmektedir. Araştırmacılar daha verimli bir delme işlemi için, bu faktörler içeresinden, değiştirilebilir parametreler üzerinde çalışmalar sürdürmektedirler. Delinebilirlik analizlerinde delme hızı önemli bir göstergedir. Kaya madde ve kütlesinde verimli bir delmenin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için, delme hızının genelde yüksek olması arzu edilir. Fakat delme hızının artması için uygulanan prosedürler tüketilen enerjinin de artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, delme işleminde enerji tüketiminin daha önceden tahmin edilebilmesi maden projeleri için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yedi farklı kaya biriminde 11 farklı baskı kuvvetinde ve dört farklı dönme hızında delme deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Delme deneyleri soncunda elde edilen verilerle güç tüketimlerinin değişimi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, delme hızıyla enerji tüketimi arasında ilişkiler değerlendirilerek bazı eşitlikler geliştirilmiştir.
Determination of Impact of Mining Operations on Accidentsand Diseases at Work in Turkey
(2021) Çınar, İbrahim; Şensöğüt, Cem
Today, dueto the rapidly developing technology, new production techniques are used to utilize natural resources more efficiently. The rapid change and competition conditions brought about by technology cause occupational accidents as a result of some deficiencies and negative situationsin working life. In this study, the situation of mining activities in 5 different classes within occupational accidents was evaluated by using the statistics of Social Security Institution of Turkey (SSI)between the years 2010-2019. In addition, the current situation of mining activities in terms of occupational accidents and occupational diseases in other sectors was analyzed by examining the data of 5 other sectors together.The results ofpresent studyreveal that occupational accidents, related deathsand workday losses are high in the mining sectoramong other sectors.
Determination of Optimum Flotation Conditions in Nigde (ulukisla) Complex Pb-Zn Ore
(Pamukkale Univ, 2021) Ağaçayak, Tevfik; Yılmaz, Nur Benan
In this study, optimum flotation conditions of Pb-Zn complex ore from Nigde-Ulukisla region were investigated. The liberalization grain size (d(80)) of the ore sample to be used in experimental studies was determined and mineralogical analyzes were performed. Flotation experiments were performed at 30% solid ratio, 10 L/min air flow rate, 1250 rpm stirring speed and pH=9. Reagents and their amounts were determined in grinding, Pb and Zn rough flotation circuits. 8 minutes in the grinding circuit, 4 min in Pb Circuit and 5 min in Zn circuit were applied to in the experiments. As a result, The lead grade of lead concentrate for 55.13%, the recovery for 80.30%, and zinc grade of zinc concentrate for 37.32%, the recovery for 77.60% were obtained.
Determining the Statistical Relationship Between the S20 Brittleness Index and Schmidt Hardness of Rocks
(Konya Technical University, 2019) Özşen, Hakan; Uysal, Abdullah; Dursun, Arif Emre
Determination of the brittleness of rocks is considered as an important preliminary design tool in different mining applications. The brittleness value is an important rock parameter used in the excavation and drilling of rocks. Schmidt's hardness is an inexpensive and easy-to-use surface hardness measure that is commonly used to determine the mechanical properties of rocks, such as strength, cuttability (linear and circular), and permeability. In this study, the S20 brittleness index values were determined by using NTNU model to determine the brittleness values of the rocks which was developed by Blindheim and Bruland (1998). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the S20 brittleness index and Schmidt hardness (RL) values statistically. For this purpose, Schmidt hardness tests and S20 brittleness index tests on 7 different rock samples with different strength properties were performed. Schmidt hardness test values and S20 brittleness index values were statistically evaluated and correlated with SPSS. As a result of this evaluation, it was determined that there was a strong correlation between Schmidt hardness and S20 brittleness index values.
The Effect Of Aerophine 3418a Collector Dosage On Niğde (ulukışla-madenköy) Complex Pb-zn Sulphide Ore Flotation
(2021) Ağaçayak, Tevfik; Yılmaz, Nur Benan
In this study, grinding + flotation experiments were performed on the sample of complex Pb-Zn sulphide ore taken from Niğde (Ulukışla-Madenköy) region in Turkey. According to the mineralogical analysis of the ore sample used in experimental studies, it was determined that the ore composition contains calcite, quartz, pyrite, chalcopyrite, hematite, goethite, limonite, gypsum, galena, sphalerite, jarosite, arsenopyrite and marcasite minerals. In addition, Au and Ag grains were found to be inclusions in hematite, goethite and jarosite minerals. The experiments were carried out at a solid ratio of 30%, a flow rate of 10 L/min, a stirring rate of 1250 rpm and pH = 9. In flotation tests, lime is used as the pH regulator, zinc sulphate, sodium silicate as the depressant, sodium isobutyl dithiophosphine as the collector and methyl isobutyl carbinol as the frother. In the flotation studies, the effect of Aerophine 3418A collector dosage on flotation was investigated. As a result, a lead concentrate of 55.13% Pb was obtained and it was found that this concentrate contained 2489 ppm of Ag. The amount of Aerophine 3418A collector was determined as 10 g/t.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 12
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Compounds on Dissolution Kinetics of Chalcopyrite in Hydrogen Peroxide- Hydrochloric Acid System
(Elsevier, 2022) Abdelraheem, Mohamed Taha Osman; Agacayak, Tevfik
The addition of 2-Propanol as an organic substance and NaCl as an inorganic com-pound in hydrochloric acid with hydrogen peroxide as a strong leaching agent of chalcopyrite was investigated. The effects of the leaching parameters on copper extraction, such as stirring speed, H2O2 concentration, temperature, HCl concentration and solid/liquid ratio were studied. The max-imum final copper extraction of 54.55% was obtained with 600 rpm stirring speed, 1.5 M H2O2, 0.5 M HCl, 600 rpm, 50 C, 240 min of the reaction and particle size of -106 +75 mm. Further experiments were performed when the solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L), stirring speed, temperature, HCl,H2O2 and leaching time were kept constant to examine the influence of NaCl and 2-Propanol concentrations in the range of 0-0.5 M and 0-3 M, respectively. The results showed that the copper extraction was increased up to 58.11% with addition of NaCl. While copper extraction yield reached 94.25% in case of addition of 2-propanol with the optimum parameters(0.5 M HCl,50 C, 1.5 M H2O2, 600 rpm, particle size -106 +75 lm, solid liquid ratio 2g/L, 3 M 2-propanol). The chalcopyrite leaching in hydrogen peroxide- hydrochloric acid system was found to be described by the interface transfer and diffusion across the product layer with activation energy of 77.14 kJ/mol. Addition of 2-propanol suggested that the reaction was under product layer diffusion control and decreased the activation energy of chalcopyrite leaching to 67.98 kJ/mol. Crown Copyright (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
Effect of Ultrasound on the Dispersion of Kaolinite and Sepiolite Suspensions With and Without Sodium Silicate
(IROST, 2021) Eşmeli Kiraz; Özkan Alper
In this study, the effect of the ultrasound process on the dispersion of kaolinite and sepiolite suspensions in the absence and presence of sodium silicate was investigated. The effects of ultrasonic device-dependent parameters such as power, treatment time, and application method (batch and continuous) on the dispersion of kaolinite and sepiolite suspensions were determined. Results of the studies carried out without sodium silicate showed the suspension stability values of kaolinite and sepiolite minerals presented some differences. While the stability of the kaolinite suspension decreased at high power ultrasonic values, it increased slightly for the mineral sepiolite. Also, the stability of the kaolinite suspension decreased, while the stability of sepiolite increased with a prolonged ultrasonic treatment time. It was also found that the application of ultrasound did not affect the isoelectric point (iep) of these clay minerals. In the presence of sodium silicate as a dispersant, the dispersion of these mineral suspensions increased depending on ultrasonic power and treatment time. Moreover, higher suspension stability values were obtained with the ultrasound application. In addition, the negative zeta potential values of clays after ultrasonic treatment were higher than those without ultrasound. The findings obtained showed that kaolinite and sepiolite suspensions were more successfully dispersed by ultrasonic treatment.

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