Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/1624
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Article The Effects of Nanofluids on Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Parallel Plate Heated With Flush Mounted Discrete Heater Sources(2023) Atmaca, Şükrü Ulaş; Göktepeli, İlker; Ateş, AliA numerical solution on forced convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid for different volume fractions is investigated for laminar flow through a parallel plate with flush mounted discrete heat sources. The model used for nanofluid mixture is a single-phase approach and fluid properties are considered constant with temperature. The finite difference method is used for solutions and four different volume fractions are considered varying from 0% to 4%. A fully developed laminar velocity profile is considered and the parallel plate is assumed as heated with three discrete heat sources flush mounted to the top and bottom plate with the same lengths. Uniform wall temperature boundary condition is taken for discrete heaters. Peclet numbers are in the range of 20-100. For comparison and validity of the solution the results for a classical problem, laminar flow through a parallel plate which is heated at the downstream region with constant temperature, are obtained. Results are presented in terms of bulk temperature, heat flux, and local Nusselt number. Heat transfer is enhanced with the particle volume concentration. For comparison, pure water results are also shown in the figures. At the locations where heat is applied the heat flux values decrease as the volume fraction increase and the bulk temperature values are higher for the higher volume fractions at the heated locations. As the volume fraction increases the local Nusselt number can increase up to 30% than to pure water.Article PID Kontrolcü ile Çok Serbestlik Dereceli Hidrolik Robotun Anabom Hareketlerinin Optimal Kontrolü(2020) Öksüz, Hasan Basri; Özşen, Seral; Kalyoncu, MetePID kontrolcü bir çok endüstriyel uygulamalarda kullanıldığı gibi elektro hidrolik sistemlerde de yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanımı basit olsa da endüstriyel uygulamalarda tam olarak istenen şekilde kullanılamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada çok serbestlik dereceli robot kolun Anabom uzvunun PID kontrolcü ile optimum kontrolü amaçlanmıştır. Sistem ters kinematik prensibiyle çalışmaktadır. Yani robota komut olarak pozisyon x,y,z değerleri verilmekte sistem gitmesi gereken açı veya uzunluk değerlerini kendisi hesaplamaktadır. Sistemin matematiksel modeli System Identification ToolBox ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen model kullanılarak Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonu, Genetik Algoritma ve Büyük Patlama Büyük Çöküş optimizasyon algoritmaları aracılığıyla optimum PID katsayıları elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hidrolik robot kol MPG Makina Prodüksiyon Grubu Makine İmalat San. ve Tic. A.Ş.’ de yapılmıştır.Article Türkiye için Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Alternatiflerinin Analizi(2018) Engin, Orhan; Sarucan, Ahmet; Baysal, Mehmet EminYenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, rüzgâr enerjisi, güneş enerjisi, hidroelektrik enerjisi, biyokütle enerjisi, jeotermal enerji ve karma enerji sistemlerinden oluşmaktadır. Günümüzde yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinin kurulumunda yer seçimi, önemli bir karar problemidir. Aynı zamanda yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından en iyi alternatifin seçimi de, önemli bir problemdir. Literatürde, yenilenebilir enerji, enerji planlama, enerji arzı/talebi ve enerji tahmin modelleri üzerine birçok çalışma yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları ile ilgili problemlerin çözümünde çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri, yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, en uygun yenilenebilir enerji alternatifini belirlemeye yönelik, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile yapılan, son yirmi yıllık literatürde yer alan, Türkiye ile ilgili çalışmalar, gözden geçirilmiştir. Yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde çok kriterli karar verme kullanımında, aşamalı bir yaklaşım uygulanır. Bunlar, kriterlerin seçilmesi, bu kriterlerin ağırlıklandırılması, alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesi ve nihai birleştirmedir. Enerji tedarik sistemleri literatüründe, teknik, ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal kriterler kullanılmaktadır.Article Article The Importance of Sustainable Biomass Sources in the Development of Porous Carbonaceous Materials-Synthesis and Energy Applications: A Review(2023) Parlayıcı Şerife; Pehlivan ErolIn this review, a variety of planning methods for porous organic materials using different types of biomasses are compiled, and their functions are discussed. Improved pore architectures and variable surfaces were created in porous carbons manufactured from biomass. It is effective and sustainable to use biomass waste, which mostly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. They assemble microtextured structures around one another in multi-channel configurations. The possibility of incorporating porous carbon compounds derived from biomass is being explored due to their distinct surface and structure. These "old type" carbons, which are produced through direct pyrolysis or physical or chemical activation, represent the instantaneous usage of biomass. There has been a lot of research on the chemical activation of biomass to create extremely effective activated porous carbons for gas collection. They consist of a variety of small patterns, pore dispersions, and conductive spines and have adaptive physicochemical properties that permit their application as dynamic stage networks or electroactive materials. The structure of carbon-based materials obtained from biomass has the potential to improve electrochemical energy storage. Energy storage resources are required more frequently every day. Energy storage is essential to meet the energy demands resulting from the interruption of energy sources due to several circumstances. There are many uses for carbon materials, including the storage of energy, the filtration of water and air, and the storage of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), and hydrogen (H2). In this study, the advantages of cellulose-based systems as well as the latest developments and methods for creating high-capacity electronics are highlighted.Article Near-Infrared Light-Activated Antibacterial Efficiency of Flower-Like Mos₂ With Varying Concentrations(2025) Al-sarori Ahmed; Mustafa Abdurrahman; Kıvrak, BurakArticle Suğla Gölü için 2017-2023 Yılları Arasında Multispektral Planetscope Uydu Verileri ile Tarımsal Arazi Uygunluk Analizi (Alsa)(2025) Güvercin Büşranur; Makineci, Hasan BilgehanBu çalışma, Konya ilinde yer alan Suğla Gölü çevresindeki tarım alanlarının sürdürülebilirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla, Tarımsal Arazi Uygunluk Analizi (ALSA) yaklaşımının uzaktan algılama teknikleriyle entegrasyonunu hedeflemektedir. 2017–2023 yılları arasına ait PlanetScope uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak NDVI, NDWI, EVI, GCI ve SAVI gibi spektral indeksler hesaplanmış; mekânsal değişimler, Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA) ve Nesneye Dayalı Görüntü Analizi (OBIA) yöntemleriyle bütüncül bir yaklaşımla değerlendirilmiştir. Google Earth üzerinden elde edilen görüntülerle desteklenen zamansal analizler, göl yüzeyi ve çevresindeki bitki örtüsü yoğunluğunda yıllık bazda önemli dalgalanmalar yaşandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, 2020 ve 2023 yıllarına ait veriler, bitkisel stresin arttığını, çıplak toprak oranının yükseldiğini ve tarımsal üretim deseninde belirgin değişiklikler yaşandığını göstermektedir. Göl çevresinde gözlemlenen bu değişimlerin hem tarımsal faaliyetler hem de sulak alanların ekolojik dengesi üzerinde dikkate değer etkiler yarattığı görülmektedir. Suğla Gölü çevresinde çok yıllı spektral indeks verilerinin ALSA yöntemiyle kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirilmesi, literatürdeki önemli bir boşluğu doldurmakta ve bu kapsamda detaylı olarak ele alınan öncü çalışmalardan biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, ALSA yaklaşımının sürdürülebilir arazi kullanım senaryolarının geliştirilmesinde ve çevresel risklerin erken tespitinde etkili bir karar destek aracı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.Article Investigation of the Usage of Plasma Systems in the Field of Environmental Engineering(2024) Tongur Süheyla; Zambak Şule BüşraIn the study; It is planned to design a plasma jet reactor that allows liquid (water) purification at atmospheric pressure for the first time in our country, and to investigate to what extent it will contribute to the treatment. The study is important in terms of investigating the usability of plasma systems, which is an innovative technology, in the field of environmental engineering and contributing to the literature. In the light of literature research, it is observed that studies in the field of plasma systems and environmental engineering are generally aimed at color removal. In the literature, the removal efficiencies of Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Orange (MO), Congo Red (KK)) are mostly compared as model dyes. Argon feed gas is generally used in the studies. When the direct treatment results are evaluated for three different dyes at 20 and 30 min treatment times, it is observed that high removal efficiencies such as MB 95%, MO 97%, KK 86% are obtained as a result of 20 min treatment. As a result; In our study, the usability of the atmospheric plasma system, which is a new technology in the field of water treatment in our country, was evaluated, inspired by the studies on the usability of plasma technology in water treatment in the world.Article The Modal and Dynamic Analysis of Sprayer Booms With Diverse Structural Geometries(2024) Şen Muhammed Arif; Buğdaycı Ali RızaIn spraying agricultural areas with a sprayer boom, the vibrations on the boom due to irregularities and variable speeds in the agricultural land directly affect spraying performance. Vibrations on the system disrupt the spraying pattern and cause agricultural yield to decrease. In addition, it may be subject to deformations due to structural strains caused by vibration, which may cause performance losses and long-term failures. In this study, the modal analysis of a sprayer boom with the same working width but a different geometric structure, which is widely used in agricultural spraying, was performed with the finite element method its natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained, the dynamic responses of the system under harmonic strains were examined, and the obtained simulation results were evaluated comparatively. Firstly, the solid model of the system was obtained, transferred to the finite element program, and its modal properties were simulated. Afterwards, the sprayer was fixed to the body connection and forced with a harmonic acceleration input determined by considering the irregularities in the fields. The results obtained are presented in detail with graphs. From the analysis results, it has been understood that Model 2, which is max. displacement at 6 Hz, can provide less displacement in the forcing frequency range (1-6 Hz) that can occur from a standard field irregularity compared to Model 1, which max. displacement at 11 Hz. It is thought that the results can be useful in the structural optimization of the system, in the control of vibration dynamics and can contribute to the development of new design strategies.Article Extraction of Thevenin-Based Equivalent Circuit of Multi-Cell Lead Acid Battery Pack and Soc Estimation(2024) Arabacı, Hayri; Erdoğan, KemalLead acid batteries are widely used in UPS due to their cheapness. In case of mains power failure, the length of the operating period powered by the battery depends on the energy capacity of the battery. In this case, predicting the remaining time depending on usage is important for the healthy operation of the system. Determining the remaining time can be done by monitoring the SoC of the batteries. SoC monitoring can be done using equivalent circuit models of the battery. In systems where a single battery cell is used, the equivalent circuit is generally considered for a single cell. Nowadays many serially connected batteries are used in UPS. In this case, it becomes difficult to make calculations in the equivalent circuit created by connecting the single cell equivalent circuit in series. In this study, the approach of using a single equivalent circuit model to be created for the entire system is proposed. In the study, the Thevenin equivalent circuit model of an uninterruptible power supply battery group, in which 8 batteries (12V) are connected in series, was created with only three parameters. The accuracy of the created equivalent circuit was ensured by comparing it with the values calculated using the current counting method. First, the discharge curve of the battery was obtained. SoC-Open Circuit Voltage graph was created from these curves. Equivalent circuit parameters were calculated from the dynamic behavior of the battery. During the process of fully discharging the battery, the values of SoC corresponding to the battery voltage were determined by counting the current. The values of SoC obtained because of the current counting process were compared with the values calculated through the equivalent circuit. As a result of the comparisons, an average accuracy rate of 99.85% was achieved in estimating the SoC. These results show that the proposed method can be used to estimate the SoC in systems using serially connected batteries.Article Konya Bölgesindeki Obruklar(2025) Eren, Yaşar; Parlar, ŞeydaArticle Effect of Domestic Sewage Sludge on the Botanical Composition of Eroded Pastures(2024) Acar Ramazan; Mücevher Osman; Öztekin Mehtap; Dursun, Şükrü; Akay Ayşen; Bitgi Salih; Koyuncu SerdarThis research to evaluate the use possibilities of sewage sludge in eroded pasture areas, the effects of stabilized treatment sludge (biosolid) from the Konya domestic wastewater treatment plant on soil and plants were monitored in marginal and eroded pasture areas in field trials for 3 years period. In this study, analysis processes of soil fertility parameters, micro and macro elements, and toxic heavy metals were examined. The enrichment factors of heavy metals in soil and plants, their effects on heavy metal accumulation and leaching in the soil profile, and their effects on erosion parameters were examined. In addition, biomass yield, protein ratio, botanical composition parameters, heavy metal contents and heavy metal risks in terms of animal health in pasture plants were investigated. In this article, the effects of sewage sludge on the development parameters of plant species that grow predominantly under natural conditions were evaluated. In the experiment, an increase in plant coverage area, height and especially the number and diversity of species were observed in the plots. Provided the necessary precautions are taken, it turns out that the D application has a feasible result of 1 ton da-1 (dry matter) in the method of mixing into the soil to a depth of 0-5 cm, once every 3 years. This recommended dose is valid for the ecological conditions in this region where the research was conducted, and similar studies are needed to recommend it in different ecological regions of Turkey.Article Local Geoid Determination in Western Macedonia by Lsms Method(2024) Petrovskı Fılıp; Bogdanovskı Zlatko; Abbak, Ramazan AlpayThis paper presents the fundamental components of the Least Squares Modification of the Stokes integral with Additive corrections (LSMSA) to geoid determination. This method also known as the KTH method is theoretically described, then it is applied to the western part of North Macedonia. In this regard, input data is firstly explained, and then various geoid models are created in the test area. Finally, all geoid models are evaluated against the ground truth to get a final geoid model. Numerical results indicate that despite of limited terrestrial gravity data, a precise geoid model by LSMSA method is computed in the test area.Article Assessment of Carbon Monoxide (Co) Gas Poisoning in Coal Mining(2025) Çınar, İbrahim; Şensöğüt CemArticle The Importance of Integrating the Azerbaijan National Vertical Datum Into the European Vertical Reference System: Determining Azerbaijan National Geoid Model(2024) Musayev Ilgar; Gojamanov Magsad; Tuşat Ekrem; Kahveci MuzafferHeight information is of great importance in engineering measurements and geodesy, and therefore it constitutes one of the main subjects of physical geodesy. As it is known, the ellipsoid height of the measurement point is obtained when GNSS measurements and calculations are used. However, orthometric heights measured and calculated from the mean sea level are used in engineering projects and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) applications carried out in countries. Therefore, ellipsoid heights determined by GNSS need to be converted into orthometric heights using a highaccuracy national geoid model. By determining the national geoid in question, the ellipsoid heights obtained from GNSS can be directly converted into the national vertical datum of the relevant country. On the other hand, elevations in topographic maps used both in infrastructure works for engineering purposes and for military purposes are produced based on the national vertical datum of the relevant country. On the other hand, even though the topographic maps currently used in the state organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan are harmonized with NATO map standards, but the national height system of Azerbaijan has not been integrated into the European Vertical Reference System (EVRS) yet. However, it is believed that the integration of the national height system of Azerbaijan into the EVRS will provide favorable opportunities for international cooperation activities in the field of mapping and will make an important contribution to the sustainable development of the country's economy. In this article, necessity of integrating Azerbaijan's national height system into the EVRS and determining a national geoid model are discussed.Article Hydrostatic and Hydrodynamic Bearing on Grinding Machine(2024) Talih Galip; Kandemir Sani; Bağcı, MehmetIn recent years, the demand for hydrostatic bearing application has been increasing due to the possibilities and advantages they offer. Advances in the understanding of hydrostatic lubrication and the improvement of computer technology have opened new avenues for improving hydrostatic bearing performance and precision.This paper reviews the geometry, advantages and disadvantages of hydrostatic bearings, including the hydraulic system. Hydrostatic bearing applications operate using relatively high viscosity oil, but have the potential for extremely low motion errors with high damping, high stiffness andhigh load capacity. Another important advantage of hydrostatic bearing is the negligible wear of the sliding surfaces, which are completely separated by the oil film. In general, pocket depths of 0.5-5 mm and bearing clearance of 0.001-0.01 mm are preferred in hydrostatic bearings.In hydrodynamically lubricated bearings, the friction efficiency between the spindle and the bearing can be controlled when the spindle shaft starts the rotational movement of the spindle shaft while the spindle shaft passes from the stationary state to the contact state and when the appropriate speed is reached. Therefore, the liquid film thickness in hydrodynamicbearings is atthe level of 0.0254 mm. In order for thesesystems to operate safely and efficiently, the presence of a suitable lubricant is always required.Hydrostatic grinding and hydrodynamic grinding machines were used in the experiments carried out within the scope of this study, and especially the crusher roll with dimensions of 250*1000 mm was used in the experiments. Depending on the use of the grinding machine, the advantages of hydrodynamic bearingand hydrostatic bearingoptions were compared. In this comparison data, especially the results of how much current these two different bearing applications draw during the operation of the grinding machine and what level of surface roughness they produce are analyzed.Article Camera Self-Calibration by Using Sfm Based Dense Matching for Close-Range Images(2021) Altuntaş, CihanThe camera calibration is an important issue that must be overcome to getting metric scene measurement. The imaging parameters are estimated by calibration of the camera. Basically, the camera calibration is performed individually from the photogrammetric evaluation. Today, 3-D point cloud generation and the camera calibration are usually attained simultaneously by using SfM approach photogrammetric evaluation. Stereo images that do not have camera intrinsic parameters can also be evaluated by SfM based photogrammetry. In this study, camera calibration models were investigated for point cloud generation of close-range photogrammetry. The results shown that self-calibration of loop-close images enables the close results to the pre-calibration. Otherwise, the images should be convergent as far as possible or projection-to-sparse point cloud ratio must be raised. The results show that the projection-to-sparse point cloud ratio of 13.22 created high accuracy to self-calibration. Consequently, the pre-calibration requires extra computation and time. However the self-calibration can be implemented for high accuracy measurement subject to convergence imaging or sufficient number of projection.Article Hava Lidar Teknikleri: Lineer Lidar ve Foton Sayma Lidar(2022) Altuntaş, CihanLiDAR tekniklerindeki gelişmeler, hava platformlarından arazi topoğrafyası ölçmelerinde geleneksel lineer-mode LiDAR (LML) yöntemine alternatif olarak, Geiger-mode LiDAR (GML) ve tekli-foton LiDAR (Single-Photon LiDAR) yöntemlerini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Geleneksel LML çoklu foton kaydı ile mesafe ölçerken, GML ve SPL tek bir foton ile mesafe ölçer ve foton sayma LiDAR olarak isimlendirilirler. Bu yeni LiDAR teknikleri ile daha geniş alanlar kısa sürede ve düşük maliyetle ölçülebilmektedir. LiDAR ölçme verisi temel olarak sayısal yükseklik bilgisi içerir. Farklı LiDAR ölçme teknikleri bunlara ilave olarak yansıma değeri ve çoklu dönüş sinyallerini de kaydeder. Bu durum, açık arazi, bina ve bitki örtüsü ile kaplı alanlarda LiDAR ölçmelerinde farklılıklar oluşturur. Örneğin, çoklu dönüş sinyalleri kaydedilen LiDAR verisinden ağaç yükseklikleri belirlenebilirken, tek dönüş sinyali kaydedilen LiDAR verisinde bu mümkün değildir. Bu çalışmada LML ve foton sayma GML ve SPL teknikleri incelenmiştir. LiDAR tekniklerinin detayları verildikten sonra üstün ve zayıf özelliklerine vurgu yapılmıştır.Article Determination of Solid Particle Erosion Wear Behaviour of Aircraft Turbine Blades Specific To Additive Manufacturing Orientation Effects(2025) Aydın Mehmet Esat; Demirci Musa; Bağcı, MehmetIn many areas of the industry, especially in the aviation sector, mechanical components have to work under harsh environmental conditions. In addition to being exposed to extreme environmental conditions due to the environment in which they operate, the basic components of aircraft have to take into account many engineering details such as high strength expectations, speed and impact problems under the influence of hard particles. In addition, the geometries of parts in aircraft can be quite complex and detailed shapes. For this reason, it makes sense to utilize different manufacturing processes to create the final shapes of the components. In this study, a research was carried out to determine the solid particle erosion wear behaviour of In718 test specimens representing the material properties of jet engine turbine blades in aircraft by alternative manufacturing methods and to interpret the results obtained by performing experiments. In718 alloys with horizontal (0°), vertical (90°) and angular (45°) orientation were produced by selective laser melting, a layered powder-based additive manufacturing method, and test specimens were produced by casting, a conventional method. These specimens were subjected to solid particle erosion tests using three different sizes (500 g, 1000 g and 1500 g) of Al2O3 abrasive particles at 30° impact angle. Surface topography and macroscope images were used to interpret the results of the surface differences obtained at the end of the experiments. Consequently, the layer orientation in additive manufacturing and the additive manufacturing method were compared with parts produced by a conventional method in terms of erosion rate. In addition, it was concluded whether the surface damage that occurs in erosive wear depending on the impact angle has a ductile, semi-ductile or brittle character.Article Optimization of Pre-Turning Parameters for Diamond Burnishing of Aisi 4340 Steel(2024) Aydın, Mevlüt; Gökçepınar, Ömer Faruk; Kalyoncu, MeteThe presented study investigated for the first time the pre-turning performance before the diamond burnishing of AISI 4340 hardened steel under various cutting speeds, feed values, and cutting depths at flood cooling cutting conditions. Multi-objective optimization was conducted to obtain an effective pre-turning process regarding total cost and surface characteristics. The results showed that the pre-turning parameters must be optimized to benefit from diamond burnishing effectively. It was also observed that the diamond burnishing could have been more influential on pre-turned specimens with high surface roughness. Under the bohroil-added flood-cutting conditions, the average surface roughness and maximum roughness depth improved by 63.4% and 48.5%, respectively. The most influential parameters for average surface roughness and maximum roughness depth were the feed values with 98.2% and 99.3% contribution ratios, respectively. The Bees algorithm optimized the pre-turning parameters in terms of output parameters. The optimum cutting speed, feed values, and cutting depth levels are 264 m/min, 0.1325 mm/rev, and 0.55 mm, respectively
