Browsing by Author "Kara, M."

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Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 10
Fate and Removal of Pesticides in Solid and Liquid Phases of Metropolitan, Urban and Rural-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants
(Elsevier, 2023) Nas, Bilgehan; Yel, Esra; Argun, M. E.; Dinc, S.; Kara, M.; Koyuncu, S.; Dolu, Taylan
In this study, the change of occurrence, distribution, seasonal variation and removal of pesticides, atrazine (ATZ), chlorpyriphos (CPR) and chlorfenvinphos (CFV), were investigated both in liquid and solid phases of three different types of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Treatment configurations of the studied WWTPs consist of a metropolitan advanced biological treatment system (4-stage Bardenpho), urban-scale waste stabilization pond (WSP) and rural-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSCW). ATZ removal efficiencies (59.8 %-92.4 %) were higher than CPR and CFV removal efficiencies at all WWTPs. CPR and CFV are removed at 78.5 % and 53.1 % efficiency, respectively, from the influent of advanced biological treatment system. CPR and CFV removals were 21.6 and 22.7 % at WSP, respectively. One of the important findings is that ATZ and CFV were removed at higher percentages in primary treatment than in biological treatment in advanced biological WWTP. Sorption onto sludge has been evaluated as an effective removal mechanism for pesticide elimination, at least as much as biodegradation/biotransformation. All investigated pesticides were detected in higher concentrations in primary sludge (168.8-399.5 mu g/kg) compared to secondary sludge (21.9-146.3 mu g/kg) in advanced biological WWTP and in facultative sludge (447.8-1044.7 mu g/kg) compared to anaerobic sludge (250.0-613.0 mu g/kg) in WSP. It was determined that ATZ was the most treated compound in the liquid phase under anaerobic conditions among the studied pesticides. In line with these results, approximately 45 % removal efficiency was determined for CPR and CFV in the anaerobic digestion process present in advanced biological WWTP.
Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate Evaluation of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Three Wastewater Treatment Plants With Different Treatment Technologies in Türkiye
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Nas, B.; Dolu, T.; Ateş, H.; Dinç, S.; Kara, M.; Argun, M.E.; Yel, E.
Nowadays, two of the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the group of alkylphenols (APs), nonylphenol (4-NP) and octylphenol (4-t-OP), have attracted great scientific and regulatory attention mainly due to concerns about their aquatic toxicity and endocrine disrupting activity. This paper investigated the occurrence, distribution behavior, fate, and removal of 4-NP and 4-t-OP in liquid and solid phases of three full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with different treatment technologies comparatively. In this context, (i) advanced biological WWTP, (ii) wastewater stabilization pond (WSP), and (iii) constructed wetland (CW) were utilized. In all three investigated WWTPs, the concentrations of 4-NP (219.9–19,354.4 ng/L) in raw wastewater were higher than those of 4-t-OP (13.9–2822.4 ng/L). Within the scope of annual average removal efficiencies, 4-NP was treated highly in advanced biological WWTP (93.5 %), while it was almost not treated in WSP (3.1 %) and treated with negative removal (<0 %) in CW. While 4-t-OP was treated at a similar removal rate (93.5 %) to 4-NP in advanced biological WWTP, it was treated moderately in WSP (52.5 %) and very poorly in CW (12.4 %). It has been determined that the most important removal mechanism of both 4-NP and 4-t-OP in WWTPs is biodegradation, followed by sorption onto sewage sludge. According to the mass balance performed in advanced biological WWTP, the biodegradation rates for 4-NP and 4-t-OP were found to be 70.4 % and 86.6 %, respectively, while the sorption onto sewage sludge were determined to be 23.3 % and 6.8 %. One of the critical findings obtained within the scope of the study is that while the concentrations of both metabolites, especially 4-NP, in wastewater and sewage sludge, decreased considerably under aerobic conditions, on the contrary, their concentrations increased significantly under anaerobic conditions. Both compounds were detected at higher concentrations in primary sludge compared to secondary sludge in advanced biological WWTP, while in WSP, they were determined at higher concentrations in anaerobic stabilization pond sludge compared to facultative stabilization pond sludge. Besides, it was also determined that the sorption behavior of these alkylphenols is much more dominant than desorption. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Citation - WoS: 53
Citation - Scopus: 58
Occurrence, Loadings and Removal of Eu-Priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pahs) in Wastewater and Sludge by Advanced Biological Treatment, Stabilization Pond and Constructed Wetland
(ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2020) Nas, Bilgehan; Argun, Mehmet Emin; Dolu, Taylan; Ateş, Havva; Yel, Esra; Koyuncu, S.; Kara, M.
Eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds which have been accepted as priority micropollutants by European Union (EU) were analyzed both in wastewater and sludge lines throughout three full scale (located in city, sub-province and village) WWTPs during 12-month sampling period. Investigated WWTPs have different treatment types including advanced biological treatment, stabilization pond (SP) and constructed wetland (CW). Removal efficiencies for total PAH compounds varied from 48% in CW to 85% in advanced biological treatment plant. The maximum concentrations of 360-2282 ng/L observed for naphthalene in raw wastewater were decreased to 103-370 ng/L by treatment processes. Minimum concentration were detected for benzo(k)fluoranthene (B[k]F) and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (B[g,h,i]P) ranged between 8 and 12 ng/L and 19-33 ng/L, respectively. While minimum removal efficiencies were obtained for B[k]F and B[g,h,i]P maximum removal efficiencies were obtained for naphthalene in all WWTPs. PAHs present in minimum and maximum levels in the sludge samples were detected as 54 and 6826 ng/g for the B[g,h,I]P and naphthalene, respectively. Considering the removal mechanisms, PAHs have been determined to be removed by biodegradation or vaporization up to 84% and by settling (adsorption onto sludge) up to 2%. The greatest portion (99%) of naphthalene and anthracene were determined to be biodegraded or vaporized in biological treatment due to their low molecular weights. On the other hand, mechanism of adsorption onto sludge was determined as negligible for these two compounds. In addition, approximately 14% of PAHs were discharged to the receiving environment. Among the different WWTP types investigated, advanced biological treatment was found to be the most efficient plant for the removal of PAH compounds.
Role of Metal Nanoparticles for Treatment of and Prevention of Viral Infections
(Elsevier, 2023) Yavuz, E.; Dursun, S.; Kara, M.; Dinc, S.
Recently, viral infections have become the world’s biggest dilemma once again due to novel coronavirus disease 2019, which quickly turned into a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and has been affecting human life at great expenses since then. To fight with the emerging new enemy which is in nanosize, biomimetic nanotechnological approaches are quickly revisited to develop effective antiviral nanotherapeutics with reduced systemic toxicity and more precise targeting. Since multifunctional metal nanoparticles are one of the most important key players of the nanoworld, their synthesis methods and applications in antiviral therapeutic agents and nanovaccines against different viruses, that is, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis viruses, influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, are discussed in this chapter. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.