Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesi Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/1626

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Citation - WoS: 1
Challenges To Urban Housing Policies Implementation Efforts: the Case of Nairobi, Kenya [article]
(2020) Agayi, Collins Ouma; Karakayacı, Özer
PurposeThe arrival of native African communities from rural Kenya looking for opportunities led to population growth. Nairobi, therefore, has rapidly urbanized and sprawled 18 km2, and 688 km2 in 1900, and 1963 respectively. With population growth, housing demand has surpassed supply resulting in the housing crisis. The aim of this paper is to a) examine the policy and legal efforts put forward to address the housing problem in Nairobi, b) discuss the challenges to the urban housing policies implementation efforts, and c) make suggestions based on the findings of social, economic and infrastructural impacts of the intervention measures. Design/Methodology/ApproachThe research establishes that government efforts to address the housing problem through measures like urban migration restriction, employer housing, housing schemes, slum demolitions, and slum upgrading have not been successful due to challenges of land security tenure, gaps in policy enforcement, and compliance, insufficient public participation among others. FindingsThe paper makes appropriate suggestions to reform the policy approaches by focusing not only on housing aspects but economic, and land tenure reforms, and the extent of public involvement.Research Limitations/Implications The study analyses secondary sources including research articles, theses, and governments whose data were collected through primary methods like interviews, field observation, and administration of questionnaires. It, therefore, limited the findings in case of Nairobi.Practical Implications The study contributes to recommend that provision of the basic services be carried out in the slums alongside and economic empowerment programs to relieve the residents of financial poverty. Slum upgrading programs should therefore seek to impact the socio-economic lives of the slum dwellers. Originality/Value This study explores past and present efforts by different regimes and non-governmental organizations to give an answer to the housing crisis in Kenya. and the subsequent development of slums and informal settlements.
An Evaluation of Rural Tourism Potential for Rural Development in Kenya
(International Journal of African and Asian Studies, 2020) Agayi, Collins Ouma; Gündüz, Elif
All over the world, tourism continues to be an integral part of economic development by contributing to countries’ gross domestic product (GDP), earning foreign exchange, creating job opportunities among other significant contributions. There is a need for increased diversification of tourism market away from the traditional ones like coastal and wildlife tourism. Over-reliance on mass tourism especially coastal based tourism also has negative degradation impacts on the environment, destruction and exhaustion of tourism products due to overexploitation. The need to improve tourists’ experiences in the destinations has led to increased calls for diversification of tourism products, thus shifting focus to the rural areas. Many potential tourism products like cultural heritage, archaeological sites and the good natural sceneries in rural areas remain unexploited or underexploited. This proposed study aims to deliberate on whether the sustainable development is possible for rural tourism in Kenya. This study examines the existing strategies employed by the Kenya government and other stakeholders in the tourism sectors, to determine areas of weakness that would require interventions. By conducting a SWOT analysis of the tourism potential in Kenya, this paper seeks to identify the untapped tourism potentials in rural Kenya and make necessary proposals for exploitation, to increase the competitiveness of Kenya tourism sector globally. Finally, the research establishes the general challenges facing the tourism sector in Kenya that have or have the potential to limit optimum operation and development in the sector. The research relies on secondary sources of data including research articles, government reports, academic documents and non-governmental organizations research works for a better understanding of the tourism sector in Kenya.
An Evaluation of Urban Regeneration Efforts in Kibera, Kenya Through Slum Upgrading
(IDA: International Design and Art Journal, 2020) Agayi, Collins Ouma; Serdaroğlu Sağ, Neslihan
Kibera, a slum in Kenya experiences social, economic, and spatial challenges arising from rapid urbanization and inability of the government to provide affordable housing. Located five kilometers from the city center, Kibera is home to approximately 185.000 people, the majority of whom are low-income earners. Besides housing challenges, Kibera lacks basic facilities like roads and clean water. Kenyan Government in partnership with UN-Habitat and other organizations has initiated Kenya Slum Upgrading Program (KENSUP) for the purpose of upgrading the infrastructure, housing, and supply of basic services. The pilot project was conducted in Soweto East village of Kibera and involved temporary relocation of the residents to a receiving area to provide room for upgrading. This research uses SWOT analysis method and scrutiny of past studies including interviews conducted in Soweto area to evaluate the KENSUP project in Kibera, to identify the gaps in the program implementation, and to make suitable recommendations for an effective slum upgrading program. The research also examines the historical context of the slum formation and past attempts to address the slum issues. To obtain data, this paper analyses previous research works, articles, government reports, postgraduate theses, policies and legal documents among others. The research establishes that lack of a specific law on urban regeneration impedes the upgrading process. Inadequate involvement of the community in project identification, planning, and implementation is also identified to have caused the residents to reject, rent or sell the new houses allocated to them, opting instead to go back to the slum.
Exploring the Rural Poverty Prevalence and Eradication Strategies for Rural Development: the Case of Kenya
(Selçuk University, 2022) Agayi, Collins Ouma; Karakayacı, Özer
The World Bank estimates that about 689 million people live on less than $1.90 a day globally. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia collectively account for 85% of this number. In Kenya, 36.1% of the total population live below poverty line, 40.1% in rural and 29.4% in urban areas. This study seeks to determine the contributing factors to rural poverty in Kenya, identify the eradication strategies, and reveal the gaps in the strategies. The study relies on secondary sources of data, including government reports, research articles, theses, international organizations’ reports etc. It applies correlation and regression methods of data analysis to test the hypotheses. The study established that the lack of, and inaccessibility of water and food are aggravating factors of rural poverty, while poverty levels do not drop with an increase in the household land size. It also revealed that increasing the income levels of individuals in rural areas reduces poverty. Finally, the study identifies inadequate community participation, political interference, embezzlement of funds, underfunding, resistance to devolution, less transparency and accountability, and duplication of roles as gaps in the strategies. The study proposes sealing the gaps to strengthen the strategies and inform future policies formulation efforts for successful poverty eradication.

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