Yilmaz, TugbahanBuyukbekar, AlihanKurukavak, Cisem KirbiyikKus, Mahmut2025-08-102025-08-1020250361-52351543-186Xhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-025-12126-9https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/10596In this study, spray coating and spin coating methods for the titanium oxide (TiO2) layer used as the electron transfer layer (ETL) were compared to examine the performance parameters of organic solar cells. Despite the fact that there is no major change in the VOC value, with VOC measured at 0.589 V for the spray-coated device and 0.548 V for the spin-coated device, the device performance parameters of the device fabricated with TiO2 layer sharply increased, with the current density-voltage (J-VSC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) values obtained by the spray coating method. We demonstrate that spray-coated c-TiO2 layers achieve a higher PCE of 2.92% compared to 2.32% for spin-coated devices. The PCE of the solar cell using TiO2 formed by spray coating is 25% higher than the device obtained by spin coating.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessElectron Transfer LayerSpin CoatingSpray CoatingOrganic Solar CellArticle10.1007/s11664-025-12126-92-s2.0-105009740947