Optimization of geotechnical characteristics of clayey soils using fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer

Abstract

In this study, the effects of fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer on the mechanical properties of high plasticity clayey soils were investigated. For this purpose, experimental studies were carried out using the Taguchi Method. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was used with various amounts of class F fly ash (12 %, 16 %, 20 %, and 24 %), granulated blast furnace slag (8 %, 10 %, 12 %, and 14 %), and alkaline hydroxide solution NaOH molarity (6, 8, 10, and 12). After 7 and 28 days of curing, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) were carried out. Permeability test was carried out as well after 28 days of curing. The effects of the variables on the experimental results were determined using S/N and variance analyses (ANOVA). The microstructure and phase composition of geopolymer samples were identified via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The findings indicate that the strength of geopolymer-stabilized soil is significantly affected by the stabilizer content, fly ash–slag ratio, and molarity of alkaline activator (M). The optimal mix proportions for geopolymer-stabilized high plasticity clayey soil were found to be as follow: 38 % geopolymer content (24 % fly ash, 14 % slag) and an alkaline activator content of 25.75 % with a molarity of 12 M. This study concluded that fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag based geopolymer can serve as a feasible alternative material to cement, being sustainable and applicable. It could be utilized to enhance the strength characteristics of high-plasticity clay soil, while simultaneously, reducing permeability. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd