Hydrochemistry of Ivriz Source (Konya-Ereğli) and The Effect of Global Warming on The Source

Abstract

Global warming, decrease in precipitation, increase in temperature and evaporation in recent years have negative effects on water resources. Climate change causes the sources to dry up and their flow rates to decrease. İvriz spring, located in Konya closed basin, is one of the important sources affected by global warming.. The source of Ivriz is 150 km east of Konya. Sedimentary, volcanic and ultramafic rocks representing the Upper Permian-Quaternary age range crop out around the source. The Ivriz spring is a karstic spring discharged from the Berendi limestones. The aquifer of the spring is composed of heavily fractured, cracked and karstic Berendi limestones. Karstification that develops along fractures and cracks increases the secondary porosity in the rock. The faults in the study area are in NW-SE and NE-SW directions. The source temperature is 16o C, the annual average flow rate is between 1.5-4.97 m3/s, the pH' is 6.8, the total hardness is 10.87 and the total mineral amount is 200 mg/l. According to the flow rate graph, February-June is the feeding period of the source, and June-November is the discharge period. April, May and June, the flow is at its maximum value. Changing climatic factors due to global warming, temperature, precipitation, evaporation, decreases in groundwater level due to excessive gravity affect resource discharge. While the long-term average temperature is 13.0 oC in Ereğli region, the average temperature in 2020 is 13.5 oC. An increase in temperature values is observed. The precipitation value has decreased considerably in recent years, while the total precipitation was 284.8 mm in 2019, it was 34 mm in 2020, which is well below the long-term average of 326.1 mm. Evaporation increased. In 2020, real evaporation transpiration is equal to 79.3% of precipitation.Global warming and climatic factors have caused decreases in the flow of the source. The flow rate was 3.9 m3 in 2017, 3.5 m3 in 2018, 3.65 m3 in 2020, and 1.5 m3 in 1 in 2021. İvriz spring water is water with Ca, Mg, HCO3. It is located in the 5th region according to the Piper diagram and is in the class of waters with CaCO3 and MgCO3. According to the Langelier calcium balance diagram, it is in the class of water that can dissolve carbonate and has corrosive properties, and according to the drinkability diagram, it is in the class of good quality water that can be drunk continuously.