Metaphoric Based Approaches In Architectural Practises

Abstract

Architecture is in constant search for the form of expression in the period from the ancient times to the present day. The definition of the concept of architecture is not made only with tangible, visible solid objects. These solid objects are reflections of emotions, sounds and thoughts. The formation of solid bodies is the expression of the architects' own stories. For this expression, the phenomenon of architecture uses a unique language. One of these expression languages is to make analogies and metaphors. Architecture carries messages, it is a means of expression like language. Like analogies, metaphors indicate relationships between objects. These relationships are very abstract without being exact. Metaphors describe a possible pattern of parallel relationships, while analogies describe one-to-one relationships. The analogy is correspondence with proportion. Metaphor is the semantic version of the analogical analogy. The architect interprets the metaphor he chose as the beginning of the design process in his own way. The project develops and results based on this interpretation. All architectural products from the past to the present have served as a model in which the designer reveals his beliefs and thoughts in a similar direction as an expression of the thought and faith he represents. At this point, metaphors are of great importance. Throughout the history of architecture, these discussed approaches show that the metaphorical context is made only through symbols and analogical evaluations. This situation continues in the post-modern period, until the real content of the metaphor is understood. However, the metaphorical approach proposes a communication that enables the transfer of the architectural object with symbols, signs, and conceptual processes. In our time, many architects use this communication as a "reference" in their design realities. The connection between the object and the metaphor that the architect has created should be evaluated based on the relationship established with the context and put forward with an original approach. In this study, the concept of metaphor and its role in the architectural design process were analyzed. For this purpose, a new metaphor classification was created as a result of the literature review conducted within the scope of the study. It is common to see examples that use metaphors directly in their designs in a concrete one-to-one form, and where they are used indirectly by loading abstract meanings as well as architectural structures. This has led to the necessity of examining the new classification under two headings as direct or indirect metaphors. In addition, it was determined that the architects were inspired by the living and non-living nature in the structure and shell design of the building, based on the idea of being inspired by nature in metaphorical designs. With this classification, examples of structures showing metaphoric properties abroad and in our country were analyzed. In this study, a new classification has been made about the metaphorical approach in architecture and the use of metaphor in the field of architecture with the developing technology is examined. As a result, it has been found that developments in information technologies and the desire of architects to create iconic structures with an original approach have led to an increase in metaphorical structures.