Extracting the Speed of Sound in Quark-Gluon Plasma With Ultrarelativistic Lead-Lead Collisions at the Lhc
| dc.contributor.author | Hayrapetyan, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Tumasyan, A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Adam, W. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Andrejkovic, J.W. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Bergauer, T. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chatterjee, S. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Damanakis, K. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Gürpınar Güler, Emine | |
| dc.contributor.author | Güler, Yalçın | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-09-22T13:33:26Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-09-22T13:33:26Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark-gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark-gluon plasma using lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV. The data were recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 0.607 nb−1. The measurement is performed by studying the multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum of charged particles emitted in head-on PbPb collisions. Our findings reveal that the speed of sound in this matter is nearly half the speed of light, with a squared value of 0.241 ±0.002(stat) ±0.016(syst) in natural units. The effective medium temperature, estimated using the mean transverse momentum, is 219 ±8(syst)MeV. The measured squared speed of sound at this temperature aligns precisely with predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamic (QCD) calculations. This result provides a stringent constraint on the equation of state of the created medium and direct evidence for a deconfined QCD phase being attained in relativistic nuclear collisions. © 2024 CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, CSIR; Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, MBIE; Ministry of Education and Science, MES; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, BUAP; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, DAE; PCTI; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, NASU; National Science and Technology Development Agency, สวทช; National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF; MSES; Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, MECD; National Science Foundation, NSF; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules, IN2P3; Latvijas Zinātnes Padome; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV; Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, MSIP; Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, FAPERJ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Universiti Malaya, UM; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST; Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, ΕΛ.ΙΔ.Ε.Κ; National Science Council, NSC; Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, MoSTR; Hispanics in Philanthropy, HIP; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, DST; Chulalongkorn Academic; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Conahcyt; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK; Kavli Foundation; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA; Research Council of Finland, AKA; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, PAEC; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES; Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, TENMAK; Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; Science Foundation Ireland, SFI; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; International Council of Shopping Centers, ICSC; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Cosmetic Surgery Foundation, CSF; Agencia Estatal de Investigación, AEI; Programa Severo Ochoa del Principado de Asturias; ERC PUT; General Secretariat for Research and Innovation, GSRI; Bulgarian National Science Fund, BNSF; Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit, DEZA; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, BMBWF; Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, APSF; Maryland Ornithological Society, MOS; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, MHESRI; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS; Weston Havens Foundation; Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, IPM; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, MTA; A.G. Leventis Foundation; European Research Council, ERC; Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture, FRIA; MoER; Laboratorio Nacional de Supercómputo del Sureste de Mexico, LNS; Nvidia; CERN; Louisiana Academy of Sciences, LAS; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, SENESCYT; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, IWT; Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, UASLP; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, (400140256—GRK2497, 390833306); Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT, (CEECIND/01334/2018); Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH, (22rl-037); Ministry of Education and Science, (2022/WK/14); Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, SRNSF, (FR-22-985); Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Adminitrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park, (Z191100007219010); Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN, (2021/43/B/ST2/01552, 2021/41/B/ST2/01369); Qatar National Research Fund, QNRF, (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033); Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO, (30820817); Welch Foundation, (C-1845); National Science, Research and Innovation Fund, (B37G660013); European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (MDM-2017-0765); Horizon 2020, (724704, 675440, 758316, 752730, 765710, 824093); European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST, (CA16108); Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFIH, (K 129058, K 124845, K 143460, K 124850, K 128786, TKP2021-NKTA-64, K 131991, K 133046, K 138136, K 128713, 2020-2.2.1-ED-2021-00181, K 143477) | en_US |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 0034-4885 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1361-6633 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6633/ad4b9b | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/6286 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Institute of Physics | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartof | Reports on Progress in Physics | en_US |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | en_US |
| dc.subject | CMS; QCD equation of state; quark-gluon plasma; speed of sound; ultra-central | en_US |
| dc.title | Extracting the Speed of Sound in Quark-Gluon Plasma With Ultrarelativistic Lead-Lead Collisions at the Lhc | en_US |
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| gdc.description.departmenttemp | Hayrapetyan A., Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia; Tumasyan A., Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia; Adam W., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Andrejkovic J.W., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Bergauer T., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Chatterjee S., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Damanakis K., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Dragicevic M., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Hussain P.S., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Jeitler M., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Krammer N., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Li A., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Liko D., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Mikulec I., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Schieck J., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; Schöfbeck R., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Schwarz D., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Sonawane M., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria; Templ S., Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, | en_US |
| gdc.description.issue | 7 | en_US |
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