Highly Efficient and Reusable CeVO4@Fe3O4/(Cr-Fe/Co) Magnetic Nanocatalyst for Sustainable Hydrogen Generation From NaBH4 Hydrolysis

Abstract

This study presents the hydrothermal synthesis of CeVO4@Fe3O4/(Cr-Fe/Co) and its catalytic performance in NaBH4 hydrolysis for hydrogen generation. Key parameters, including NaOH and NaBH4 concentrations, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature, were systematically optimized. Comprehensive characterization via SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, and FTIR revealed the structural and surface properties of the catalyst. The optimized catalyst exhibited an outstanding hydrogen generation rate of 19.65 L gmetal-1 min-1 at 30 degrees C with an activation energy of 34.43 kJ mol-1. FE-SEM analysis indicated particle agglomeration with a size distribution of approximately 60-70 nm, whereas the BET data demonstrated a moderate surface area and pore diameter of 46.34 m2 g-1 and 38.97 nm, respectively. Kinetic analysis using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model revealed a moderate turnover frequency (TOF) of 2114.47 mol H2 mol cat-1 h-1. Thermodynamic parameters further supported the catalytic efficiency, with Delta S degrees = 0.0103 +/- 0.01 kJ mol-1 K-1, Delta Hads = 0.12 +/- 0.01 kJ mol-1, and Delta G degrees(30 degrees C) =-3.00 kJ mol-1. Remarkably, the catalyst maintained moderate efficiency after five reuse cycles, emphasizing its industrial viability and long-term stability. These findings suggest that CeVO4@Fe3O4/(Cr-Fe/Co) is a promising candidate for scalable hydrogen generation.