Aısı 4340 Çeliklere Uygulanan Nitrasyon İşleminin Boyut ve Geometrik Toleransına Etkisinin Araştırılması
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2025
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AISI 4340 ıslah çeliği, yüksek mukavemet, tokluk ve aşınma direnci özellikleri sayesinde havacılık, otomotiv ve savunma sanayi gibi birçok sektörde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu malzemenin yüzey sertliğini artırmak, aşınma direncini yükseltmek ve yorulma dayanımını iyileştirmek için nitrasyon yüzey sertleştirme işlemi önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak, nitrasyon işlemi sırasında boyutsal ve geometrik değişimlerin oluşması, hassas toleranslarla çalışan sistemlerde olumsuz etkiler oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, AISI 4340 çeliklerine uygulanan nitrasyon işleminin, parçaların boyut, geometrik tolerans, yüzey pürüzlülüğü, yüzey sertliği ve difüzyon derinliği ile beyaz tabaka kalınlığına etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, üç farklı geometrik forma sahip toplam 18 adet numune kullanılmıştır. Her bir geometriden üç numuneye 6 saat, diğer üç numuneye ise 12 saat nitrasyon işlemi uygulanmıştır. Parçalar üzerinde yapılan ölçümler neticesinde boyut toleransında 6 saatlik nitrasyon işleminde 3,5 ila 6 µm aralığında, 12 saatlik nitrasyon işleminde ise 15 ila 19 µm aralığında değişim meydana gelmiştir. Bu değişimin IT5 ve IT9 aralığındaki tolerans derecelerinden çoğunda tolerans dışına çıkılmasına neden olduğu veya tolerans derecelerini değer olarak 10 µm'nin altına düşürerek imalatı zorlaştırdığı bulunmuştur. Nitrasyon işlemi simetriklik toleransını olumsuz yönde etkilerken, paralellik ve eş merkezlilik toleransına etki etmemiştir. Nitrasyon süresi arttıkça yüzey sertliğinin azaldığı görülürken nitrasyon süresinin artması difüzyon derinliğini ve beyaz tabaka kalınlığını artırmıştır.
The AISI 4340 quenched and tempered steel is widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and defense, due to its high strength, toughness, and wear resistance properties. Nitriding surface hardening processes plays a significant role in increasing the surface hardness of this material, enhancing its wear resistance, and improving its fatigue strength. However, dimensional and geometric changes that occur during the nitriding process can adversely affect systems operating with precise tolerances. In this study, the effects of the nitriding process applied to AISI 4340 steel on part dimensions, geometric tolerances, surface roughness, surface hardness, diffusion depth, and white layer thickness were examined. A total of 18 samples with three different geometric forms were used in the research. Six hours of nitriding was applied to three samples from each geometry, while 12 hours of nitriding was applied to the other three samples. Measurements conducted on the parts revealed dimensional changes ranging from 3.5 to 6 µm for the 6-hour nitriding process and from 15 to 19 µm for the 12-hour nitriding process. It was found that these changes caused most tolerance grades in the IT5 to IT9 range to fall out of tolerance or reduced tolerance grades to values below 10 µm, making manufacturing more challenging. While the nitriding process negatively affected symmetry tolerance, it did not affect parallelism or concentricity tolerances. As the nitriding duration increased, surface hardness decreased; however, the increase in nitriding duration also led to an increase in diffusion depth and white layer thickness.
The AISI 4340 quenched and tempered steel is widely used in various industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and defense, due to its high strength, toughness, and wear resistance properties. Nitriding surface hardening processes plays a significant role in increasing the surface hardness of this material, enhancing its wear resistance, and improving its fatigue strength. However, dimensional and geometric changes that occur during the nitriding process can adversely affect systems operating with precise tolerances. In this study, the effects of the nitriding process applied to AISI 4340 steel on part dimensions, geometric tolerances, surface roughness, surface hardness, diffusion depth, and white layer thickness were examined. A total of 18 samples with three different geometric forms were used in the research. Six hours of nitriding was applied to three samples from each geometry, while 12 hours of nitriding was applied to the other three samples. Measurements conducted on the parts revealed dimensional changes ranging from 3.5 to 6 µm for the 6-hour nitriding process and from 15 to 19 µm for the 12-hour nitriding process. It was found that these changes caused most tolerance grades in the IT5 to IT9 range to fall out of tolerance or reduced tolerance grades to values below 10 µm, making manufacturing more challenging. While the nitriding process negatively affected symmetry tolerance, it did not affect parallelism or concentricity tolerances. As the nitriding duration increased, surface hardness decreased; however, the increase in nitriding duration also led to an increase in diffusion depth and white layer thickness.
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Savunma ve Savunma Teknolojileri, 4340 Çeliği, Metal Malzemeler, Defense and Defense Technologies, 4340 Steel, Metal Materials
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