The Effects of Earthquake Reality on Historical Minarets, Evaluations Specific to the February 06, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Abstract

When the masonry structures in the region were examined because of the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey, it was observed that mosque minarets were mostly damaged by overturning. Minarets, which are important for Islamic architecture, are susceptible to collapse under earthquakes due to their thin forms and high fragility rates. The behavior of structures against earthquakes is determined using various parameters. These parameters include material properties, location conditions, structural properties and existing damage. In this study, the translation ratios of the minaret of the Great Mosque of Kahramanmaraş, which is determined according to the typological characteristics in the earthquake zone with seismic risk, were calculated according to the probability of exceeding the performance limit values under the earthquake acceleration at the epicenter of PazarcıkKahramanmaraş and DD2 level, which occurred on 06.02.2023. The seismic behavior results of the models obtained according to the location of the minaret with the mosque (rising within the structure, adjacent to the structure and built separately from the structure) and soil class ZA, ZD were compared. The earthquake behavior of the minaret was analyzed by finite element analysis in SAP 2000 software. As a result of the study, it was determined that the displacement, maximum shear force and base shear force values obtained in the PazarcıkKahramanmaraş earthquake had larger values compared to the DD2 level earthquake level. The largest displacement occurred in the Pazarcık-Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Model 1 in the ZD soil class when the minaret was located separately from the structure. When the displacement values of the minaret are analyzed, it reached the highest level at the bracelet level.