Elastic and Acoustic Properties Determination of Epoxy/Polystyrene Mud Waste Hybrid Composites by Ultrasonic Method

Abstract

Ultrasonic methods are more sensitive to defects such as voids, pores, and discontinuities that can diminish the true elastic and acoustic properties of materials compared to destructive testing. Therefore, the elastic properties and some acoustic properties of the epoxy phenol novolac modified with polystyrene (EPN-PS) matrix-based nano- and hybrid composites were determined for the first time using ultrasonic method. Montmorillonite-type nanoclay (NC) and industrial red mud waste (RMW) at a rate of 1-4 and 15-35 wt% respectively, were used as fillers in the composite preparation. According to the results, the highest elastic coefficient values (L = 8.14 GPa, G = 1.76 GPa, K = 5.79 GPa and E = 4.80 GPa) were obtained in the EPN-PS/NC1 (with 1 wt% NC) nanocomposite sample compared to the elastic properties of pure EPN and EPN-PS, while the highest elastic coefficient values (L = 8.97 GPa, G = 2.19 GPa, K = 6.06 GPa, and E = 5.86 GPa) among hybrid composites (HC) were obtained for the HC35 containing 2 wt. % NC and 35 wt% RMW. Due to both its high elastic and good acoustic properties, wall panels and floors produced using HC35 hybrid composite can be used for sound insulation in noisy environments.Highlights First evaluation of the acoustic characteristics of epoxy phenol novolac modified with polystyrene-nanoclay/red mud waste (EPN-PS-NC/RMW) composites. NC4 with 4 wt% nanoclay showed the lowest elastic and acoustic properties. Nanoclay ratio above 1 wt% reduces elastic and acoustic properties. The increasing RMW ratio in hybrid composites increases elastic properties. High elastic and acoustic properties make HC35 ideal for sound insulation.