Profile URL: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/11708
Job Title:Prof. Dr.
Email Address:mskarakas@ktun.edu.tr
Main Affiliation:02.11. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
Status: Current Staff
ORCID:
0000-0003-4362-9602
0000-0003-4362-9602Scopus ID:
14056210800
14056210800YÖK Akademik: 3DF41B5E196551CF
Google Scholar:
08dB8S4AAAAJ
08dB8S4AAAAJWeb of Science ID:
M-5013-2013
M-5013-2013Name Variants:
Karakaş, M. Serdar Karakas, M. S.
19 results
Scholarly Output Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 19
Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 6Pack-Boriding of Pure Iron With Powder Mixtures Containing Zrb2(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2018-11-09) Çalık, A.; Uçar, N.; Karakaş, M. S.; Tanış, H.Bonding of pure iron was investigated using the powder pack method with bonding powder mixtures containing different weight fractions of ZrB2 (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The samples were bonded in an electric resistance furnace for an exposure time of 4 h at 1,173 K temperature under atmospheric pressure. Bonded samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses and microhardness tests. Results showed that the boride layers consisted mainly of FeB and Fe2B phases. No significant difference in boride layer thicknesses (average 140 mu m) could be observed as a function of ZrB2 content. The needle-like morphology of the boride layer became more prominent with increasing weight fraction of ZrB2 in the bonding powders. The average microhardness of the boride layer decreased with increasing ZrB2 content due to changes in the morphology of the boride layer.Article Effect of Vibratory Peening Pretreatment on Boriding Kinetics of Hadfield Steel by Taylor Expansion Model(Elsevier Science S.A., 2025-10-01) Gunen, Ali; Lindner, Thomas; Karakas, Mustafa Serdar; Unal, Okan; Keddam, Mourad; Malachowska, Aleksandra; Lampke, ThomasX120Mn12 high-manganese steel is widely used for its excellent toughness, yet its limited wear resistance under low-impact conditions necessitates surface enhancement. While boronizing improves surface hardness, the role of vibratory peening pretreatment (VPP) in influencing boride layer growth remains underexplored. In this study, the influence of VPP on the boronizing kinetics of X120Mn12 austenitic manganese steel was systematically evaluated. VPP was conducted at 50 Hz with a 5 mm amplitude, using 3 mm diameter AISI 52100 bearing balls (approximate to 58 HRC) for 2 h. Subsequent pack boronizing was performed at temperatures of 1023 K, 1173 K, and 1323 K for durations of 1, 3, and 5 h. Microstructural analysis revealed that peening induced significant near-surface plastic deformation to a depth of approximately 150 mu m, resulting in a 12 % reduction in grain size and a two-fold increase in surface hardness. The boride layer thickness ranged from 13.63 to 193.15 mu m, with microhardness values ranging from 984 to 1741 HV0.1 in peened specimens, compared to 11.89-180.89 mu m and 898-1720 HV0.1 in the as-cast counterparts. Enhanced dislocation density and vacancy formation decreased the boron activation energy, which was determined using a Taylor-expansion diffusion model, yielding values of 150.53 kJ center dot mol- 1 for the peened samples and 155.72 kJ center dot mol- 1 for the as-cast samples. These findings demonstrate that VPP effectively refines the microstructure and accelerates boron diffusion by generating high-density defect structures.Article Citation - WoS: 40Citation - Scopus: 45Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Aisi H13 Hot-Work Tool Steel With Borided B4c Powders(KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS, 2019-08-09) Günen, Ali; Karahan, İsmail Hakkı; Karakaş, Mustafa Serdar; Kurt, Bülent; Kanca, Yusuf; Çay, Vedat Veli; Yıldız, MuratIn this study, the surface of AISI H13 steel was borided with powder blends of B4C and NaBF(4)using the powder-pack method at 800, 900 and 1000 degrees C for 2, 4 and 6 h. The structural and mechanical characteristics of the boride layers formed on the surface were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, 2D surface profilometry, microhardness and electrochemical corrosion (3.5 wt% NaCl) tests. The boride layer exhibited a single phase structure (Fe2B) in samples coated at 800 degrees C and a dual-phase structure (FeB + Fe2B) at higher boriding temperatures (900 and 1000 degrees C). The boride layers were compact and crack-free in all boriding conditions. Depending on boriding parameters, the thickness, hardness and average surface roughness (R-a) of the coatings were found to range between 5.81 and 102.46 mu m, 1635-1915 HV and 0.315-0.650 mu m, respectively. The borided AISI H13 steel displayed up to 33.5 times and 2.4 times higher corrosion resistance than untreated AISI H13 steel and martensitic AISI 431 steel, respectively. This suggests potential use of borided AISI H13 steel in the steam turbines and marine applications as an alternative to the more costly martensitic and duplex stainless steel grades. The corrosion resistance depended on the phase structure (single- or dual-layer), density, thickness and surface roughness of the boride coatings. GraphicArticle A Comparative Study on Experimental and FEA-Based Simulation of Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Boronized AISI 304 Stainless Steel at Elevated Temperatures(Pleiades Publishing Ltd, 2025-04-01) Gok, Mustafa Sabri; Kucuk, Yilmaz; Khosravi, Farshid; Gunen, Ali; Karakas, Mustafa Serdar; Guden, MustafaIn this study, the influence of boronizing on the high-temperature wear behavior of AISI 304 was examined experimentally and with FEA simulation. Boronizing, conducted at 950 degrees C for 3 h using the powder-pack boronizing technique, showed an approximately 7-fold increase in hardness compared to untreated sample. Boride layer characterization was performed using XRD, SEM, and EDS line analyses. Wear tests were performed at ambient temperatures of 25, 250, and 500 degrees C. While the wear rates of the untreated sample increased dramatically with increasing temperature, those of the boronized samples were significantly limited. FEA simulation using the Johnson-Cook fracture model demonstrated a high degree of consistency with the experimental wear profiles and this alignment enables reliable wear predictions. The oxide layer formation was observed on the worn surface of boronized samples during the tests at elevated temperatures, resulting in less plastic deformation.Book Part Citation - Scopus: 10The Boriding Process for Enhancing the Surface Properties of High-Temperature Metallic Materials(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-12-06) Campos, Silva, I.E.; Günen, A.; Serdar, Karakaş, M.; Delgado, Brito, A.M.; Delgado Brito, A.M.; Campos Silva, I.E.; Serdar Karakaş, M.High-temperature metallic materials operate in environments with a broad spectrum of mechanical and chemical conditions, originating typical failures such as steam oxidation, hot corrosion, and wear-corrosion; the service life of the metallic component is reduced with severe economic losses. The ever-increasing demands for enhanced component performance require continuous improvements in existing material systems. In this sense, boriding is a promising thermochemical process used to increase the surface properties of metallic materials for high-temperature applications. The resulting boride coating has excellent wear resistance at high temperatures due to its high hardness, thermal, and chemical stability, and adhesion to the substrate material. In addition, the boride coating is resistant to corrosion in acidic, alkaline, and salt media, suitable for use in harsh environments. The mechanical and chemical properties of the boride coating are preserved at high temperatures (up to 1000 °C); the probability of the boride coating cracking or spalling at high temperature is negligible. This chapter reviews the various boriding methods as adopted for the formation of boride coating on high-temperature metallic materials to improve its performance for diverse high-temperature applications. Wear, practical adhesion, oxidation, corrosion, and tribocorrosion properties of borided materials are explained in terms of the boride coating-substrate system behavior. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Comparative Study of Heat Treatment Routes for Enhancing High-Temperature Wear Resistance of EBM-Processed Inconel 718(Elsevier, 2025-12-01) Karakas, M. S.; Gunen, A.; Lindner, T.; Kucuk, Y.; Kon, O.; Joshi, S.; Lampke, T.Additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys such as Inconel 718 via electron beam melting (EBM) has gained increasing attention for aerospace applications; however, challenges related to surface hardness and hightemperature wear resistance remain, highlighting the need for systematic post-processing strategies. In this study, the effects of several post-processing heat treatments-solutionizing, solutionizing + aging, boronizing, and boronizing + aging-on the microstructure and high temperature wear behavior applied of electron beam melting (EBM) additive-manufactured Inconel 718 were investigated. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness measurements, and high-temperature wear tests. The results showed that solutionizing and solutionizing + aging produced a more homogeneous structure compared to the as-built condition, while boronizing and boronizing + aging significantly increased the surface hardness, leading to a notable improvement in hightemperature wear resistance. The wear resistance followed the order: boronizing, boronizing + aging, solutionizing + aging, solutionizing, and as-built condition. The improvement in wear resistance through aging after solutionizing was attributed to the microstructural refinement involving the formation of gamma' and gamma" precipitates and carbides, which improved the strength and wear resistance. However, aging after boronizing weakened the hard boride layer due to coarsening and localized diffusion of boron into the core. Hardness played a crucial role in the effective wear mechanism: abrasive wear was prevalent in the as-built, solutionized, and solutionized + aged specimens, whereas microcracking was a significant mechanism in the boronized and boronized + aged specimens. With increased wear test temperature, oxidative wear and adhesive transfer became more pronounced, regardless of the post-processing treatment.Article Citation - WoS: 23Citation - Scopus: 22Effect of Thermal Degradation on the Properties and Wear Behavior of Cr-V Composite Coatings Grown on Ductile Iron(ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, 2021-08-01) Günen, Ali; Kanca, Erdoğan; Karakaş, Mustafa Serdar; Gök, Mustafa Sabri; Kalkandelen, Müge; Kurt, Bülent; Karahan, İsmail HakkıThe thermal fatigue behavior of chromium vanadium carbide (Cr - V - C) coatings and the wear of the coatings after thermal fatigue cycling was studied. The Cr - V - C coatings were grown on the surface of a ductile iron using thermo-reactive diffusion (TRD) and subjected to thermal fatigue in the temperature range of 25 to 750 degrees C for up to 500 cycles. Characterizations were made using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness measurements and wear tests. The Cr - V - C coated samples displayed superior thermal fatigue and wear resistance compared to the untreated ductile iron, mainly due to the dissolution of graphite nodules in the vicinity of the surface during TRD. The dissolution of graphite reduced the possibility of failure initiating from graphite nodules and graphite-matrix interfaces. Increasing the number of cycles resulted in increased flaking and decreased wear resistance in both the Cr - V - C coatings as well as the untreated ductile iron. Although much of the Cr V C coating was lost (due to flaking) after thermal cycling, the absence of graphite near the surface still provided improved resistance to wear in the TRD-treated samples. The results of this study indicate that TRD coatings hold great promise for use in the industrial applications.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 17Pack-Boriding of Monel 400: Microstructural Characterization and Boriding Kinetics(KOREAN INST METALS MATERIALS, 2021-09-28) Günen, Ali; Keddam, Mourad; Erdoğan, Azmi; Karakaş, Mustafa SerdarMonel 400 was pack-borided in the temperature range of 1173-1273 K for exposure times of 2-6 h. The boride layers produced on the surface of the alloy were examined by scanning electron microscopy and phase identification was carried out by X-ray diffraction. The topmost layer on the borided Monel 400 was compact and contained the Ni2B phase while the diffusion zone contained grain boundary precipitates of borides. Boride layers of 35-290 mu m thickness and 1002-1476 HV0.025 hardness were obtained. SEM observations revealed a smooth interface between the boride layer and the diffusion zone. A kinetic model based on the integral method was applied to investigate the kinetics of Ni2B layer. The boron activation energy in the Ni2B layer was estimated as equal to 300.7 kJ mol(-1). An experimental validation of the model was made by comparing the experimental layer thicknesses obtained, after boriding at 1198 K for 1 and 3 h, with predicted values. [GRAPHICS] .Article Citation - WoS: 47Citation - Scopus: 49Microstructural, Wear and Corrosion Characteristics of Boronized Aisi 904l Superaustenitic Stainless Steel(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2021-05-01) Çetin, Melik; Günen, Ali; Kalkandelen, Müge; Karakaş, Mustafa SerdarAISI 900 series stainless steels are considered as low-cost alternatives to nickel-based superalloys used for highly corrosive environments. However, in terms of mechanical properties, they have average strength and hardness similar to other austenitic stainless steel grades and this often limits their use. If a 900 series alloy were to be used under tribocorrosive conditions, its surface properties would have to be improved by a wear and corrosion resistant coating. In this study, AISI 904L steel was pack boronized in a solid medium at temperatures of 900, 1000 and 1100 ?C for 2, 4 and 6 h with nano-sized boronizing powders. The grown boride layers were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, 2D profilometry, microhardness measurements, ball-on-disk type wear tests and electrochemical corrosion tests. Characterization studies revealed a complex boride layer consisting of FeB, Fe2B, CrB, Cr3B4, Ni3B and Mo2B phases with 2366?2396 HV hardness. Wear tests showed that the abrasive wear resistance of the AISI 904L steel was improved by up to 40 times. The corrosion resistance of boronized AISI 904L was inferior to untreated AISI 904L in 3.5% NaCl, but comparable to AISI 316L.Article Effect of Different Arc Welding Processes on the Metallurgical and Mechanical Properties of Ramor 500 Armor Steel(2019) Karakaş, Mustafa Serdar; Günen, Ali; Bayar, SelçukAbstract In the present study, Ramor 500 armor steel plates were automatically welded using cold metal transfer arc welding (CMT), gas metal arc welding (GMAW), and hybrid plasma arc welding (HPAW) methods. To investigate the effects of three different fusion welding methods on metallurgical and mechanical properties, the welded joints were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and also subjected to radiographic, hardness, tensile, and notched impact tests. The weld metal (WM) region of the GMAW and HPAW joints consisted of massive austenite. In the CMT welded joint, the WM consisted mainly of dendritic austenite and a minor amount of δ-ferrite. Regardless of the welding process, the hardness of both the WM and heat-affected zone (HAZ) regions was found to be higher than the base metal (BM). The tensile strengths obtained by CMT, GMAW, and HPAW were 45%, 50%, and 65% of the BM, respectively. Cleavage-type brittle fractures occurred in the GMAW and HPAW welded joints, while localized ductile fractures occurred in the CMT joints. Tensile test specimens of the CMT joints fractured in the WM, while the GMAW and HPAW joints fractured in the HAZ. In terms of notch toughness, the CMT joints exhibited better impact resistance compared with the BM. GMAW and HPAW joints displayed less impact resistance than the BM, with values comparable with previous studies in the literature.
Research Topics
Domains
Physical Sciences
Fields
EngineeringMaterials Science
Subfields
Mechanics of MaterialsMechanical EngineeringMaterials Chemistry
Specific Research Areas
Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
Advanced materials and composites
Metal Alloys Wear and Properties
High Entropy Alloys Studies
Aluminum Alloys Composites Properties
Sustainable Development Goals
9INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE
3
Research Products
Documents
50
Citations
891
h-index
20
Documents
41
Citations
770
Publication Collaboration
| Affiliation Name | Count |
|---|---|
| İskenderun Technical University | 19 |
| Konya Technical University | 17 |
| Bartin University | 10 |
| Süleyman Demirel University | 8 |
| Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi | 8 |
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Data obtained from OpenAlex
| Journal | Count |
|---|---|
| SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY | 3 |
| Surface & Coatings Technology | 2 |
| METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL | 2 |
| HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND PROCESSES | 1 |
| JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS | 1 |
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Scholarly Output
19
Articles
18
Views / Downloads
46/47
Supervised MSc Theses
0
Supervised PhD Theses
0
WoS Citation Count
387
Scopus Citation Count
419
Patents
0
Projects
3
WoS Citations per Publication
20.37
Scopus Citations per Publication
22.05
Open Access Source
4
Supervised Theses
0
Scopus Quartile Distribution
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