Konya Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları

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Abstract Space and Modern Architecture: Adana and Ankara Power Plants
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Şekerci, Yaren; Örmecioğlu, Hilal Tuğba
According to Lefebvre's statement that “Space is a social product”, production relations have an important role in space production. The transition from one production method to another is highly significant; because, this is the effect on the social production relations that can be involved in the space. Since each production method has its own space, a new space is produced during this transition. Based on this, Lefebvre proposes an important periodization of space. This periodization was created by taking into consideration the general production methods and the history and institutions of the societies in which these production methods prevailed. In the periodization, six spaces, “absolute space”, “consecrated space”, “historical space”, “abstract space”, “contradictory space”, and “differential space” are mentioned. Abstract space, which includes the electric power plants built in between 1910-1932 in Turkey and which covered by this study is defined as a modern space with straight lines and geometric perspective. After the first power plant was established in Turkey in 1910, fifty-two more built in Turkey until 1932. When the architectural features of these factories are examined, the number of those built in the modern style of Lefebvre's abstract space concept is quite limited. It’s seen that there is a search for style in the power plants that go between national style and modern architecture and this shows that the traces of the style search of the period are felt in the industrial buildings. However, especially in power plants established by foreign companies, there are those which were built in modern construction methods and materials and modern architecture. Among these, the power plants in Ankara and Adana established by German E.L.G company stand out. Both of them built in reinforced concrete beams, with modern construction methods and modern architectural style according to the conditions of the period. Ankara Power Plant has a square plan type in contrast to the common rectangular plan typology. The absence of a narrow edge of the structure has led to the need for a larger opening in the roof and therefore, the steel roof truss system of the structure stands out. The modern mass and facade of Adana Power Plant distinguish the structure from other power plants of the period. In this study, it’s aimed to highlight the importance of Adana and Ankara Power Plants, which were built in a modern style, in comparison with the other power plants in Turkey established in between 1910-1932 by investigating the architectural features over the abstract space defined by Lefebvre.
Accessibility Analysis of Urban Green Space: the Case of Erbil City
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Kemec, Serkan; Salar, Hassan Abdalkarim
Urban green areas are open spaces in urban areas that are mainly covered by vegetation. They can be public or private urban green spaces that include parks, community gardens, forests, and nature reserves. Parks are an important component of urban quality of life if they are well designed and accessible. Accessible parks contribute to physical activity among urban residents. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the most significant main accessibility factors that discourage the use of public urban green areas, and examine the extent to which they influence the use of green areas in residential areas of the city of Erbil. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2020 to measure the accessibility of green spaces using network analysis with GIS for Erbil city. The present study represents the first known investigation regarding the accessibility of public green spaces within the city of Erbil. The results show that for community parks, 68% of the population has access with a travel time of 5 minutes, 99% of the population has access with a travel time of 10 minutes, and 100% of the population has access with a travel time of 15 minutes. For district parks, 70% of the population had access with 5 minute drive time. With 10-minute drive time, 96% of the population had access and 100% of the population had access with 15-minute drive time. For neighborhood parks, the results show that 43% of the population had access with 5-minute walk and, 71% of the population had access with 10-minute walk. At 15-minute walk time, 80% of Erbil residents had access to neighborhood parks. Mini parks were accessed by 22% of the population with a 5 minute walk and they were accessed by 52% of the population with a 10 minute walk. With a 15 minute walk, mini parks were accessible to 70% of the population.
The Adaptive Reuse of Kirkuk Citadel [conference Object]
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2017) Mokhtar, Mustafa; Korumaz, Mustafa
Knowledge and memory influence the interpretations of a built environment, implying particular expectations in regard to the built environments and their roles in a society. People and their culture constitute the spirits of a building and a space. Memory also can dominate many heritage users, individuals, social and political groups over many centuries. Memory and spirit of cultural heritage enriches cultural identity under the global development. The adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is valued for the contribution for social and environmental sustainability as well as retaining memory. The inherent value of cultural heritage components and their place within the community’s memory helps to reinforce sense of place. In conservation sense identity, memory and the relationships of people give cultural significance to historical places. Evolution of the built environments bridges past and present to the future and embrace memory. However the cities as organisms are in a dilemma along with the loss of city memories and city spirits. These collective memories that bring spirits to a place play very important role and determine the cultural significance of places. The main contribution of this study is to emphasize the importance of adaptive reuse as a carrier of spirits to have a collective memory in order to sustain the development of a place. This article explores the relations between spirit and memory of a place by focusing of adaptive reuse project in Kirkuk citadel. Aim of this study is to question and evaluate restoration of Kirkuk Citadel in terms of urban identity and sense of place referring the early Kirkuk city and development of it. This paper also intends to put important guidelines for the future restoration projects of Kirkuk citadel – which is very urgently required – and high lights the importance of revitalizing this area, which is now the semi-dead heart of the city. The paper advocates policy makers is to increase the adaptive reuse policy as an integral tool of regeneration and sustainability policies in order not to lose collective memory.
Analysis of Changing in the Historic City Center: Yozgat
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2012) Eroğlu, Bahtiyar; Koç Ünlüsoy, Ayşegül
The physical structure of the social, environnıental and economic development activities leads to significant changes in urban areas. The past social, cultural, economic and architectural history that reflects the values of the tissues are affected by these changes. Today, historic monuments and protecting the tissues of an integrated planning approach to ensure integration of the urban fabric is one of the basic approaches targeted. With this sense, work is aimed to determine the changing of the historic city center of Yozgat as from the 20 th century. Despite the rapid deterioration; between the Çapanoğlu Mosque and Clock Tower that make up the historical city center situated between the linear structures east-west axis of the tissue with areas of traditional housing pattem of trade, rent, construction impacts, the lack of protection awareness and planning decisions for reasons such as inefficiencies, the contrast of building new construction such as Bilal Şahin Külliyesi with the historicist approaches and imagined spaces in the city is wanted to draw attention. The analysis studies to available historical tissue will be the source to develop strategies intended for the revitalization of historical city pattern and the healthy decisions with the areas of new structuring.
Analysis of Global Research Trends on Bim Studies in the Field of Architecture
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2023) Öztürk Akbıyık, Selen; Arslan Selçuk, Semra
This paper reveals the results of a bibliometric analysis on BIM and architecture to analyze and determine how the current research trends in BIM literature have evolved and diversified in the discipline of architecture. Although there are currently bibliometric analysis reviews of BIM in the literature, these studies take either the BIM process from a general perspective or the engineering-construction sectors, urban design scale. This state-of-the-art study explains a bibliometric analysis of the literature's relationship between architecture and BIM. Through analyzing the data including keywords, authors, journals, institutions, citation rate etc., the relationship between BIM and architecture in all times till today has been mapped and visualized by using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science database and VOS viewer program. In addition, analyzing the current literature published between 2017-2022 was highlighted and the emerging fields in architectural research were revealed. Emerging fields today in architectural research under the scope of BIM have clustered according to the keywords and these keywords are mostly related to information technologies and automation. The goal of revealing these findings extensively is to inspire future research based on the gaps and missing information in the existing literature. The unique importance of this study is to generate a knowledge base for the relationship between BIM and architecture studies based on the data including keywords, authors, journals, universities, citation rate, etc., adopting the bibliometric approach. This study provides valuable information to BIM studies in architecture research for researchers and practitioners. The current state of the research field, trend topics, and the key scholars and universities were identified.
An Analysis of Population Settlement Trend in New Towns: the Case Study of Pardis New Town, Iran
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Azizi, Mohammad Mehdi
Global experiences of new towns show that they have different goals and objectives, such as decentralization of large cities, providing housing, rearrangement of regional growth centers, creation of new patterns for settlement, new investing as well as job creation. One of the most important planning policies in Iran has been the establishment of new towns that initiated in 1985. The policy addressed a wide range of objectives leading to the development of considerable number of new towns. As an example, based on the new towns policy of 1985, four new towns were established in Tehran metropolitan area to meet the growing population of the city, including, Pardis, Hashtgerd, Andisheh and Parand. This paper has focused on one of the key questions regarding the projected population growth and settlement. While the population of many existing cities located nearby areas increased dramatically, the new towns failed to settle their projected population. This research has used several variables to compare the conditions of Pardis new town and its peripheral urban centers. The methodology of this study is “comparative analysis” in which the population growth trend of Pardis New Town, comparing population settlements of its peripheral area. The results show that Pardis New Town has not been successful as much as other settlements located in its peripheral area. Most of existing and informal new settlements located in its peripheral area have faced dramatic population increase during the development of Pardis new town, such as Boomehen city. Several reasons can be raised for the failure of population settlements, including, extensive bureaucracy in the process of land allocation in new towns, lack of infrastructure and public facilities, lack of coordination between various governmental organizations and lack of a clear policy towards employment issue. The new towns policy was mainly designed in isolation from other policies, such as planning at the regional scale and growth centers strategies, neglecting integrated development plans.
An Analysis on the Place – Structure Relationship: Trabzon İçkale Mosque
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2017) Üstün Demirkaya, Fulya; Babul, Esra
The abstract text urban spaces, which are part of change and transformation, constitute a whole made up of pieces shaped in line with the changing needs at different time periods. This study aims to shape the urban and social memory within the change/transformation dynamics based on the relationship between structure and location. Due to its geographical and geopolitical location, the province of Trabzon is one of the cities where the changing conditions can be tracked and target structure can be investigated in detail with all the urban structural features remaining within the city walls shaped by topographical conditions. With the conquest of the province in 1461, which was one of the most important breaking points in its history, the biggest church was converted into a mosque as a symbol of the conquest in accordance with the conquest traditions of the Ottoman Empire. The architectural representation of the changes made after this conquest based on a structure constructed by the Ottoman Empire was demonstrated in the construction of the mosque titled “Mescid-i Valide-i Merhum Sultan Abdullah” in the name of Sultan Abdullah commissioned by his mother Şirin Hatun in 1470. As understood from its name, this small mosque was commissioned during the term of office of Sultan Abdullah, son of Sultan Bayezid, as the governor of Trabzon in Yukarıhisar by his mother. It is thought that the first Muslim neighborhood in this province was formed around this small mosque along with Fatih Mosque, which was converted from a church into a mosque. Within this scope, the building made up of a small rectangle sanctuary comes to the forefront with its historical importance rather than its architectural style, besides the location where it was built. This monumental religious building, which was the expression of symbolic representation, was exposed to the risk of being destroyed for being among the “buildings having no architectural or artistic value” during the first years of the Republic, and it became a subject of discussion again with its transfer to another location within the scope of urban regeneration works while it was decided not to take its construction further in 2000. In this regard, it is aimed to handle the concept of “location” with which İç Kale Mosque was closely associated with, the importance of the location within the historical topography, and the traces it left in memories within the scope of the existing documents taking its symbolical value into account.
Analyzing Landuse Types Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Architecture Sector in Istanbul
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Ronael, Mehmet; Demet Oruç, Gülden
From the beginning of the 21st century, the creative economy has arisen in European and American countries; besides, this new system started to shape the social, physical, economic, and cultural patterns of cities. In Turkey, encouraging the creative economy to participate in the global market became an important concern of policy-makers especially after the 1990s, and Istanbul has a specific role as the creative capital of Turkey in this competitive atmosphere. Also, the architecture sector that consists of the value-adding process of art and knowledge is one of the most developing creative industries in the world; moreover, this sector generally concentrates more in Istanbul compared to other cities of Turkey. When the spatial distribution of all creative industries in Istanbul is examined, it is clear that they densify in the central districts of Istanbul; however, they also started to expand towards the peripheral districts especially after 2009. This tendency shows itself also in the architecture sector. Therefore, the main motivation of this study is exploring the spatial distribution of the architecture sector in Istanbul. For this purpose, the research method contains two steps. Firstly, the map for the distribution of architecture sector in the city is produced through certain addresses of architecture, urban planning, and landscape architecture firms by using the geocoding method. Secondly, the spatial relationship between locations of firms and determined land use types that are proximity to recreation areas, transportation routes, public establishments, and universities are analyzed through the Network Analysis in ArcGIS.
Analyzing the City Through Cinema: Squatter Areas of Immigrants in Turkish Cinema
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2017) Sarıkaya Levent, Yasemin
By the beginning of 1950s, a massive inner migration started from Eastern and South-eastern Anatolian settlements to metropolitan centres in Turkey. There were different reasons behind this immigration – pull effect of urban prosperity and push effect of rural poverty. The dream of having a prosperous life in the city was represented by a well-known phrase: İstanbul, the city where the streets are paved with gold! Immigration during 1960s brought social and spatial problems alongside. The main social problem was the adaptation of immigrants to urban life. The spatial problem showed itself as a new form of housing provision: Gecekondu, squatter housing. The increase in urban population was so massive that provision of affordable housing was unable to hold the acceleration of population increase. Thus, immigrants have created their own spatial environment in the periphery of the city by the knowledge and daily routines they derived from their hometowns. Those were the prosperity times of Turkish Cinema from 1950s to 1980s. Consequences of rapid industrialization and massive immigration from rural to urban during 1950s and 1960s became basic themes in Turkish Cinema. Films were intended to represent the contradiction of traditional and modern values by also stating the spatial differences between squatter areas and apartment blocks. This representation is carried not only through daily lives of characters, but also spatial environment they are living in. Squatter areas became display for most of the films during 1960s and 1970s. The main concern of the study is to understand the urban environment of 1960s and 1970s under the influence of massive immigration, and social and cultural confusion through cinema. The study will base its discussion on analyzing specific films in order to understand how urban environment created by the immigrants and also from eyes of immigrants is reflected on films.
Analyzing the Concept of Place Attachment in the Context of Spatial Factors: Kuzguncuk, İstanbul
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2017) Özdemir Darby, Dilek; Özata, Tuğçe
In contemporary globalized cities it has become increasingly important, for those of us who live in monotonous so-called cloned-environments, to find a sense of place we can identify with. When ties between inhabitants and places are disrupted, people are estranged from their neighborhoods. As a result, not only people’s relations with places are harmed, but also their social relations are affected, leading to isolation, alienation and socio-economic disruption. The causes of these relations are analyzed through the concept of place attachment. Since the 1970s, research on place attachment has grown considerably. These studies are mostly focused on sense awareness and affectiveness, with the physical attributes of places accorded lesser attention (Lewicka, 2011). In a similar vein Christopher Alexander (et al, 1977) has asserted that, when studying place attachment, influences associated with human feelings only comprise ten percent of total influences, while the rest derive from the physical characteristics of places. And yet these are the least examined objects of study. In this context, the aim of this paper is to examine more closely the spatial qualities of places in the formation of place attachment. For the study, a long-established neighborhood of Istanbul, Kuzguncuk, has been chosen to analyse the works of Christopher Alexander, Kevin Lynch, Jane Jacobs and John Montgomery. As a result, a matrix showing the spatial/physical qualities which have allowed the inhabitants of Kuzguncuk to develop a stronger attachment to their neighbourhood will be presented.
Application of an Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Compressive and Flexural Strength of Basalt Fiber Added Lightweight
(Tulpar Academic Publishing, 2021) Calis, G.; Yıldızel, S.A.; Keskin, U. S.
Concrete is known as one of the fundamental materials in construction with its high amount of use. Lightweight concrete (LWC) can be a good alternative in reducing the environmental effect of concrete by decreasing the self-weight and dimensions of the structure. In order to reduce self-weight of concrete artificial aggregates, some of which are produced from waste materials, are utilized, and it also contributes to de-velop a sustainable material Artificial neural networks have been the focus of many scholars for long time with the purpose of analyzing and predicting the lightweight concrete compressive and flexural strengths. The artificial neural network is more powerful method in terms of providing explanation and prediction in engineering studies. It is proved that the error rate of ANN is smaller than regression method. Furthermore, ANN has superior performance over nonlinear regression model. In this paper, an ANN based system is proposed in order to provide a better understand-ing of basalt fiber reinforced lightweight concrete. In the regression analysis pre-dicted vs. experimental flexural strength, R-sqr is determined to be 86%. The most important strength contributing factors were analyzed within the scope of this study. © 2021, Tulpar Academic Publishing. All rights reserved.
An Application of Consistency Testing for Spatial Plans: Case of Trabzon, Türkiye
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Öztürk Saka, Mihriban; Erdoğan, Aygün
The starting point of this study is the problematic perspective of focusing only on the final product in spatial planning, while ignoring the planning process, and a lack of certain standards/criteria of the evaluation stage for the internal and external consistencies of spatial plans. Although it has recently attracted significant interest in the field, the methodological use of evaluation is not widespread in planning practice. Evaluation, which is considered to be a simple checking duty in the Turkish planning system (TPS), is not considered in the related literature and legislation. Focusing on the “evaluation stage” of spatial planning, this paper aims to demonstrate the contribution of the previously developed Guideline for Evaluation of Spatial Plans (GESP) in testing and ensuring the consistency of different scale and types of plans prior to their approval. The first phase of the study focuses on the concept of evaluation, reviews a series of related literature for the evaluation of plans, and discusses the evaluation stage in the TPS. In the second phase, the consistency of the selected case area plansafter addition of new resources that comply with the input of the previously developed evaluation framework GESPis examined. This guideline, which is an analytical method proposal, is applied over the selected cases, involving the upper-scale plans that cover Trabzon province and lower-scale plans for some settlements that were selected from within this province. Consistencies of all the plan components (plan sheets, plan report, plan notes, plan legend) of plans with different scales for the case area were tested in terms of the criteria of the developed guideline. Most of these plans were found to be inconsistent, both internally and externally. In the study, it was determined that the plans in fact contained many inconsistencies on their approval without being subjected to such evaluation. Although the study did not focus on the frequency of evaluation of spatial plans, the parties that will make those evaluations, and how to use their output, it provides basis for future studies. The “evaluation stage”, an important theoretical issue in the international literature, is exemplified for both how it would be handled and tested in practice. Identifying the needs, processes, and problems related to the evaluation stage, mainly for its ex-ante stage, will allow the TPS to intervene in the preparation of plans before their approval. This may have a positive impact on the production of final plans that are more comprehensive, and do not require continuous changes during the planning process. The introduced use of the guideline will contribute to the limited number of studies, concerning the evaluation stage of the spatial plans in Türkiye, besides guiding the related possible legal regulations regarding the TP.
Approach Academia and Professional Practice Trough Research by Design
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Menezes de Sequeira, João Manuel Barbosa
This paper will try to stress that the approximation between academia and professional practice has its roots on the revolution that occurs in the schools of architecture in the beginnings of the XX century. And this revolution has its origin in the idea of connecting arts and crafts and then the idea of bringing practitioners into the academia and changing the concept of academic curriculum. We think that the consolidation of this approximation can be done if we consider architectural research by design as the main path to develop. This paper result of the lecture made in the 21th of November in Konya at the occasion of the seventh session of the 2nd International Congress of Architecture (ICONARCH II) under the theme “New approaches in architecture and urban planning in education”.
An Approach for Evaluating External Wall-Roof Coupling Detail’s Performance
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2014) Türkay, Işıl; Altun, M. Cem
Designing a coupling detail is a complicated job since coupling details are areas where building elements and other sub-systems come together and performances of single building elements come into a complex interaction. Mistakes in the design stage can lead to building failures after construction, which on the other hand are causing unhealthy environments and high repair or retrofitting costs. The intersection areas in the external envelope, exposed to environmental conditions, are even more vulnerable to building failures. Building element systems of the external envelope do have several functions. Some of them are in common, but some functions are differing. These common and/or varying functions are coupled at the intersection area, working independently, cooperatively or opposing. This is why a complex interaction is born in a coupling detail. The coupling area of the exterior wall system with the roof system is one of those intersection areas of the external envelope. It is obvious that a way to avoid building failures is proper detailing. In this paper, an approach to evaluate external wall-roof coupling detail’s performance is presented. The evaluation approach consists of two modules. The first module is a “performance requirements checklist” separately generated for each building element, namely; the exterior wall systems and the roof systems. The second module is a step-by-step evaluation tool for coupling details. The tool and the checklists are prepared by taking into consideration of sole functional continuity at coupling details, supported by material continuity and geometric precautions. The evaluation tool can be used either in the detail design process or before the tendering process for finalized details. The usability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through its application on a real world problem and pros and cons of the approach are discussed in conclusion.
An Approach to Urban Regeneration from User’s Perspective: Çukurambar / Kızılırmak Neighborhood in Ankara / Turkey
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2017) Durmaz, Büşra; Erçetin, Cihan
In recent few decades, urban areas have been changing and regeneration projects have been implemented to provide new healthier and more profitable living environment. It is obvious that a social, namely users’, aspect also exists in the process of regeneration. This research will reveal an investigation to generate the analysis of urban regeneration from user’s perspective. In urban regeneration process, there are certain actors such as old residents (initial property owners), developers, real estate agencies and new residents (latter residents moved to area after regeneration). Çukurambar-Kızılırmak Neighborhoods, as the case study area, were gecekondu (squatter settlement) area in 1960s. After urban development in Ankara towards western and southwestern directions, Çukurambar-Kızılırmak Neighborhoods have become an attractive urban regeneration zone in terms of land values. Therefore, in consequence of urban regeneration, almost all the area has been transformed to high-rise luxury apartment blocks and residence towers. In this research, social aspect of regeneration process will be examined by the analysis of user’s perspective. Apart from physical consequences of gecekondu regeneration by reference to architectural styles and density, a winner-loser analysis will be generated considering the actors in urban regeneration process as a social aspect. In research process, participant observation (author as also a resident in Çukurambar urban regeneration area), in-depth interviews and analysis of written and visual documents will be used as methodology tools. In the end, winners and losers of urban regeneration will be critically discussed by revealing implications on the basis of user’s opinions and desires on urban regeneration process.
An Archetype of Architecture
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Khalid, Asma
Architecture is the art, and science of the built environment, where a multidisciplinary approach is prevalent. The paper tends to clarify architecture and explain its etymological meaning for an architectural student, practicing professional architect, and academic person. The paper suggests an archetype model using a combination of various logical terminologies that lead to the design of exquisitely defined words in human history. The manuscript relates each principal keyword as self-expressive for ARCHITECTURE. The research is based on the literal analysis of diverse content that covers the wider scope and application of architecture in qualitative research design. The note-taking series from different manuscripts that identify key areas in the field of ARCHITECTURE and their corresponding connection with each acronym was studied. The emerging themes consist of various parameters and help make strong arguments for the archetype model. The twelve emerging themes have been mapped using the mind-mapping technique in network diagrams. In the end, an archetype is explained, linking the connection of all keywords that prioritize the link with different aspects of architecture. Each letter refers to a specific term as A- Anthropometry, R-Responsive, C-Construction, H-History, I-Inspiration, T-Technology, E-Environment, C-Culture, T-Transformation, U-Utility, R-Resources, E-Economy. The author took help from the literature to reinforce the concept. In the end, an archetype is explained, linking the connection of all keywords with different aspects of architecture. The views expressed in the manuscript are based on a review analysis of existing information in the architectural discipline. It was difficult to include expert opinions due to the limitation of time and cost, and a more rigorous study can be planned later. The paper is based on the framework to benefit architectural students, academic people, and practicing architects and professionals about the range of approaches in ARCHITECTURE. Besides many definitions to expound, elucidate and clarify Architecture, the paper is novel in the approach of explaining the word ARCHITECTURE from a diverse perspective. Each letter has been an acronym with a term covering all significant aspects.
Architects in the Age of Pandemic and Power
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Kamelnia, Hamed
Abstract Not Available
Architectural Distinctiveness of the 15th Century Ottoman Tombs in Skopje : Learning From the Recent Archeological Excavation
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Ibrahimgil, Ammar; Kudumoviç, Lana
Grave structures are architectural works reflecting the cultural accumulation, continuity and political power of societies. In addition, graveyards or necropolises and grave structures themselves, have an important contribution in shaping urban forms of cities. This article aims to evaluate the impact of crypted tombs (mezar odalı türbe), originating from the Kurgan culture of the Turks, in shaping the urban morphology of Skopje, as a Turkish city during the 15th century.Crypted tombs, which are very few in the Balkan geography, are a type of tombs mostly built during the Seljuk and Early Ottoman periods. The rich architectural forms and local aesthetic qualities of tombs have attracted a lot of research attention. As a result, tomb typology was defined by classifying the tombs according to the architectural peculiarities such as plan, volume shape, roofing system and applied materials. For the purpose of this paper, available sources were examined and the typology for six crypted tombs of Skopje was prepared. In addition, the archive documents describing the immediate surroundings of the tombs were examined, and the confusion of information about the tombs was clarified.After the definitions and typology of the tombs were determined, the locations of these tombs in the city of Skopje were defined, confirming the urban development approach applied since the Early Ottoman period.This paper relies on the results of Archaeological Excavation and Research Project of the Pasha Yiğit Bey Tomb, whichwas doneunder the auspices of the Şarık TARA, in Skopje, during which three crypted tombs were found beside the previously known ones.In this study, the tombs unearthed as a result of archaeological excavations are defined in the context of the 15th century Early Ottoman city structure. The crypted tombs found in Skopje are discussed for the first time in this study.
Architectural Inventories. Evolution of Graphic Documentation of Heritage
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2022) Quintilla-Castán, Marta
One of the main problems of the inventory of architectural heritage is managing and storing large amounts of information in different formats, in addition to the need to organize and manage the information generated by collaborative work between the different technicians who participate in the documentation process. The solution involves the development of a model capable of incorporating information on a layered support and allowing analysis and management, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the building. To carry out this work, two methodologies have been selected to verify their effectiveness in the field of architectural heritage inventory, covering the specific needs of generating a complete graphic database of the building. The Arches platform, a free open source software developed to carry out inventories, has been chosen for its interoperability, specificity and all the characteristics and functions described above. In turn, a WebGIS has been developed using free software standards and technology, to examine the possibilities it offers in relation to specific inventory programs. As a result, the creation of an Information System of the Mudejar Architectural Heritage of Aragón has been proposed, with the purpose of integrating under a common support, all the documentation and graphic information available on the heritage asset. The research limitations are the creation of a geo-referenced database, with geometric information on each building, which addresses the cataloguing of more than 200 assets, due to the uniqueness of this architectural style. The information is stored complying with the documentation standards to ensure interoperability and accessibility to the data.
Architectural Reflections of Falconry (sparrowhawking) Tradition as an Intangible Heritage of Eastern Black Sea Region
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Güler, Koray
The falconry (sparrowhawking) tradition, which is an ancient method of obtaining food from nature, has been practiced for centuries in mountain areas of the Eastern Blacksea Region of Turkey as well as in many other regions of the world, is mostly disappearing due to various reasons including the changes in social life, restrictions due to the nature conservation laws, migration and depopulation in the region, etc. Although there is a decrease in the number of falconers, a small number of people, who are living in or have a root from the region, still continue this ritualistic activity for the purposes such as sport, entertainment, relaxation in a natural environment and meeting with the neighbors and relatives. Nowadays, falconry still plays an important social role in the lives of the people in the region. The traces of this living culture can be seen in every area of the lives of local people such as folk songs, stories, poets. Such that, there are statues dedicated to sparrowhawks in the public squares of the towns also the nicknames of the football teams of the region such as Rizespor, Arhavispor, Hopaspor, Ardeşenspor are called sparrowhawks. The practice of falconry was inscribed on “UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity” as a living heritage of 18 countries and manifested in the following domains: “Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe”, “Oral traditions and expressions”, “Social practices, rituals, and festive events”, and “Traditional craftsmanship” according to the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The practice, present in many countries around the world, may vary regarding certain aspects, for example the type of equipment used but the methods remain similar. Despite Turkey and neighboring Georgia are not included among these countries, the cultural tradition has similar rituals and characteristics as the other countries. Starting from catching the mole cricket, the process continues with trapping and educating red-backed shrike, constructing the trapping house, trapping the sparrowhawk with this small bird and educating sparrowhawk for hunting quails. In this processes falconers have built some primitive shelters to meet the spatial necessities. This paper aims to discuss the architectural reflections and space uses of falconry tradition in the regional context. It was based on site trips, close observation on the falconers, interviews and the author’s own experiences. Further researches will tell us more about the specific social and cultural meanings of this tradition and will enable us to develop a plan for safeguarding this intangible cultural heritage.

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