ICONARCH - International Congress of Architecture and Planning

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/2563

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Challenges To Urban Housing Policies Implementation Efforts: the Case of Nairobi, Kenya [conference Object]
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Agayı, Collins Ouma; Karakayacı, Özer
Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya has experienced rapid population growth since the arrival of Kenya-Uganda Railway in 1899. The central location of Nairobi on the railway route between Uganda and Malindi and its subsequent naming as the capital of Kenya in 1907, led to the settlement of the British and the Indian railway construction workers around Nairobi. The arrival of Africans from rural parts of Kenya to Nairobi looking for opportunities further led to population growth in Nairobi. Nairobi city, therefore, has rapidly urbanized with its boundary expanding from 18 km2 to 25 km2 and 688 km2 in 1900, 1920 and 1963 respectively. Population growth has caused the demand for housing to surpass the supply thus causing a housing crisis in the city. The housing demand is particularly a problem for the middle and low-income groups who have a 95% housing deficit. The high-income group, on the other hand, has a surplus of 60%. The housing crisis in Nairobi, therefore, manifests itself in the form of many slums and informal settlements emerging in and around the city. For instance, Kibera in Nairobi is Africa’s biggest slum and one of the world’s biggest. At least 60% of Nairobi residents live in the slum and informal settlements which make up only 5% of the total residential land of Nairobi. This paper examines the formation process of informal settlements in Nairobi before and after independence. This research also seeks to determine the policy and legal efforts put forward to address the housing problem in Nairobi before and after independence. Finally, the research seeks to establish the social, economic and spatial impacts of the intervention measurers applied to address the housing crisis in Nairobi. To understand the historical context of the informal settlements and slums formation in Nairobi, the research relies on secondary materials and historical data like academic journals, post-graduate theses, conference papers, government, and institutional research reports. The research then examines the policy and legal documents containing interventions by the government to address the housing crisis. The research establishes that despite efforts by the government to address the housing problem, housing problems persist with many more slums forming. This is attributed to high-interest rates, lack of citizen participation, the duplicity of policies, lack of land-tenure security among other reasons.
Competences in the Planning Process of Protected Areas: the Case of the Kubad-Abad Palace
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Kartal, Mürsel; Eren, Fatih
This study aims to explore issues that will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the planning process in order to examine the problems encountered in spatial planning studies carried out in protected areas within the scope of Kubad-Abad Palace Protection Plan. The study targets to improve the planning process of protected areas in every sense and to reduce the conflict of authority between different institutions. The jurisdictional confusion experienced in Conservation Development Plans is a subject that is rarely discussed in the urban studies literature. The study is expected to fill this gap in the literature to a certain extent. In the research, literature review, document analysis, case study and in- depth interview methods were used together. Kubad-Abad Palace in the Beyşehir District of Konya Province has been selected as the case area. Kubad-Abad Palace has 5 different conservation status: I.Degree Archeolo- gical Site, III. Degree Archeological Site, Sustainable Conservation and Controlled Use Area, Qualified Natural Conservation Area and Beyşehir Lake National Park. Therefore, the case area has the feature of “overlapping restricted area”. Physical structure analyzes and various specific analyzes were conducted for the selected case area. A detailed process analysis was made on which institutions contributed to the conservation plan studies regarding the Kubad-Abad Palace and in what manner. Excavation and Research Studies, Documentation and Storage Arrangement Studies, Restoration and Conservation Studies, Tourism Studies and the process of these studies were evaluated in detail. The study revealed that too many institutions were involved in the planning process of the Kubad-Abad Palace, and many authority conflicts emerged among many institutions that had to work together. The emergence of conflicts of authority between institutions arises from the existence of provisions and uncertainties that cause controversy in protection laws and regulations. Dissemination of decision-making authority on protected areas among too many institutions complicates, slows down, extends the planning process and weakens the success of the resulting plan. Simplification should be made in the number of institutions that plan, supervise, approve and implement the plan in overlapping protected areas. New legal and institutional arrangements are needed to ensure coordination between competent institutions in protected areas and to eliminate overlapping roles and powers.
Correlation of Neighborhood Unit Design With Urban Health
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Şimşekoğlu, Vesile; Özüduru, Burcu H.
With the urbanization process, that gained speed after the Industrial Revolution, urban settlements received intense migration, thus living conditions in cities became more difficult. The fact that the urbanization process cannot develop in a controlled manner and the pressure created by the population in the city has led to the formation of unhealthy living environments and problems that threaten the health of the city. Health is complete well-being of physicallity, mentality and society. Therefore, health is highly associated with environmental factors as well as genetic and individual factors. Urban health is the product of many factors that can affect health, such as living conditions and economic factors, social services and sociocultural environment, built environment, quality of infrastructure services and their accessibility. The environment built from these factors has a direct impact on the health and on the life of individuals, but it is also an important determinant of urban health. The fact that the built environment is a determinant of urban health shows that the city planning discipline can play an active role in improving urban health. Because urban planning manages the formation of living environment features, which is one of the factors affecting urban health. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of the problems arising from the urbanization process on urban health in Turkey and to reveal the relationship of urban health with neighborhood unit design and the built environment in the light of literature. For this purpose, this study examines the existing relational solutions and multidimensional theoretical approaches by analyzing the relationship between urban health and the built environment with a comprehensive literature review. Increasing the welfare of people and the entire ecosystem and designing high-quality environments by creating healthy urban living environments in a rapidly urbanizing world should be among the main goals. The realization of these objectives will be achieved through exploration of the urban health’s relation with built environment and neighborhood urban design also through awareness of the integration of the urban health with urban planning policies and urban design principles.
The Effects of Transport Improvements on Economy and Development: a Research in Example of Konya High-Speed Rail
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Gonzalez , Jonatan; Karakayacı, Özer
In the last two decades, a major question in “Economic Geography” has experienced that growth of regions is related to the scale and nature of transport infrastructure’s contribution to the broader economy. Since the effects of transport infrastructure investments has sought to go beyond direct benefits resulting from the reduction in transport costs, understanding of the general economic effects generated by changes in transport infrastructure quality has taken on greater importance. However, it has not been possible to reach a general consensus on the typology, magnitude and way of the mechanisms that operate in this relationship, although theoretical and practical discussions coincide with affirming the existence of causal mechanisms between transport infrastructure and economic activities. This causal relationship may have different economic effects due to the variability of the other factors that define the particular economic behaviour of each geographical area. Upon on an accessibility approach, this paper aims to identify and analyze the effects of transport infrastructure investment in economic growth at regional level in Turkey. In this study, Konya High Speed Rail (KHSR) providing fast access to and from major metropolises such as Ankara and Istanbul has been chosen as the case study since Konya has experienced significant economic developments, together with the high speed train connection.

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