Konya Teknik Üniversitesi Yayınları

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Citation - WoS: 1
Challenges To Urban Housing Policies Implementation Efforts: the Case of Nairobi, Kenya [article]
(2020) Agayi, Collins Ouma; Karakayacı, Özer
PurposeThe arrival of native African communities from rural Kenya looking for opportunities led to population growth. Nairobi, therefore, has rapidly urbanized and sprawled 18 km2, and 688 km2 in 1900, and 1963 respectively. With population growth, housing demand has surpassed supply resulting in the housing crisis. The aim of this paper is to a) examine the policy and legal efforts put forward to address the housing problem in Nairobi, b) discuss the challenges to the urban housing policies implementation efforts, and c) make suggestions based on the findings of social, economic and infrastructural impacts of the intervention measures. Design/Methodology/ApproachThe research establishes that government efforts to address the housing problem through measures like urban migration restriction, employer housing, housing schemes, slum demolitions, and slum upgrading have not been successful due to challenges of land security tenure, gaps in policy enforcement, and compliance, insufficient public participation among others. FindingsThe paper makes appropriate suggestions to reform the policy approaches by focusing not only on housing aspects but economic, and land tenure reforms, and the extent of public involvement.Research Limitations/Implications The study analyses secondary sources including research articles, theses, and governments whose data were collected through primary methods like interviews, field observation, and administration of questionnaires. It, therefore, limited the findings in case of Nairobi.Practical Implications The study contributes to recommend that provision of the basic services be carried out in the slums alongside and economic empowerment programs to relieve the residents of financial poverty. Slum upgrading programs should therefore seek to impact the socio-economic lives of the slum dwellers. Originality/Value This study explores past and present efforts by different regimes and non-governmental organizations to give an answer to the housing crisis in Kenya. and the subsequent development of slums and informal settlements.
Challenges To Urban Housing Policies Implementation Efforts: the Case of Nairobi, Kenya [conference Object]
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Agayı, Collins Ouma; Karakayacı, Özer
Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya has experienced rapid population growth since the arrival of Kenya-Uganda Railway in 1899. The central location of Nairobi on the railway route between Uganda and Malindi and its subsequent naming as the capital of Kenya in 1907, led to the settlement of the British and the Indian railway construction workers around Nairobi. The arrival of Africans from rural parts of Kenya to Nairobi looking for opportunities further led to population growth in Nairobi. Nairobi city, therefore, has rapidly urbanized with its boundary expanding from 18 km2 to 25 km2 and 688 km2 in 1900, 1920 and 1963 respectively. Population growth has caused the demand for housing to surpass the supply thus causing a housing crisis in the city. The housing demand is particularly a problem for the middle and low-income groups who have a 95% housing deficit. The high-income group, on the other hand, has a surplus of 60%. The housing crisis in Nairobi, therefore, manifests itself in the form of many slums and informal settlements emerging in and around the city. For instance, Kibera in Nairobi is Africa’s biggest slum and one of the world’s biggest. At least 60% of Nairobi residents live in the slum and informal settlements which make up only 5% of the total residential land of Nairobi. This paper examines the formation process of informal settlements in Nairobi before and after independence. This research also seeks to determine the policy and legal efforts put forward to address the housing problem in Nairobi before and after independence. Finally, the research seeks to establish the social, economic and spatial impacts of the intervention measurers applied to address the housing crisis in Nairobi. To understand the historical context of the informal settlements and slums formation in Nairobi, the research relies on secondary materials and historical data like academic journals, post-graduate theses, conference papers, government, and institutional research reports. The research then examines the policy and legal documents containing interventions by the government to address the housing crisis. The research establishes that despite efforts by the government to address the housing problem, housing problems persist with many more slums forming. This is attributed to high-interest rates, lack of citizen participation, the duplicity of policies, lack of land-tenure security among other reasons.
Competences in the Planning Process of Protected Areas: the Case of the Kubad-Abad Palace
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Kartal, Mürsel; Eren, Fatih
This study aims to explore issues that will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the planning process in order to examine the problems encountered in spatial planning studies carried out in protected areas within the scope of Kubad-Abad Palace Protection Plan. The study targets to improve the planning process of protected areas in every sense and to reduce the conflict of authority between different institutions. The jurisdictional confusion experienced in Conservation Development Plans is a subject that is rarely discussed in the urban studies literature. The study is expected to fill this gap in the literature to a certain extent. In the research, literature review, document analysis, case study and in- depth interview methods were used together. Kubad-Abad Palace in the Beyşehir District of Konya Province has been selected as the case area. Kubad-Abad Palace has 5 different conservation status: I.Degree Archeolo- gical Site, III. Degree Archeological Site, Sustainable Conservation and Controlled Use Area, Qualified Natural Conservation Area and Beyşehir Lake National Park. Therefore, the case area has the feature of “overlapping restricted area”. Physical structure analyzes and various specific analyzes were conducted for the selected case area. A detailed process analysis was made on which institutions contributed to the conservation plan studies regarding the Kubad-Abad Palace and in what manner. Excavation and Research Studies, Documentation and Storage Arrangement Studies, Restoration and Conservation Studies, Tourism Studies and the process of these studies were evaluated in detail. The study revealed that too many institutions were involved in the planning process of the Kubad-Abad Palace, and many authority conflicts emerged among many institutions that had to work together. The emergence of conflicts of authority between institutions arises from the existence of provisions and uncertainties that cause controversy in protection laws and regulations. Dissemination of decision-making authority on protected areas among too many institutions complicates, slows down, extends the planning process and weakens the success of the resulting plan. Simplification should be made in the number of institutions that plan, supervise, approve and implement the plan in overlapping protected areas. New legal and institutional arrangements are needed to ensure coordination between competent institutions in protected areas and to eliminate overlapping roles and powers.
Correlation of Neighborhood Unit Design With Urban Health
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Şimşekoğlu, Vesile; Özüduru, Burcu H.
With the urbanization process, that gained speed after the Industrial Revolution, urban settlements received intense migration, thus living conditions in cities became more difficult. The fact that the urbanization process cannot develop in a controlled manner and the pressure created by the population in the city has led to the formation of unhealthy living environments and problems that threaten the health of the city. Health is complete well-being of physicallity, mentality and society. Therefore, health is highly associated with environmental factors as well as genetic and individual factors. Urban health is the product of many factors that can affect health, such as living conditions and economic factors, social services and sociocultural environment, built environment, quality of infrastructure services and their accessibility. The environment built from these factors has a direct impact on the health and on the life of individuals, but it is also an important determinant of urban health. The fact that the built environment is a determinant of urban health shows that the city planning discipline can play an active role in improving urban health. Because urban planning manages the formation of living environment features, which is one of the factors affecting urban health. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of the problems arising from the urbanization process on urban health in Turkey and to reveal the relationship of urban health with neighborhood unit design and the built environment in the light of literature. For this purpose, this study examines the existing relational solutions and multidimensional theoretical approaches by analyzing the relationship between urban health and the built environment with a comprehensive literature review. Increasing the welfare of people and the entire ecosystem and designing high-quality environments by creating healthy urban living environments in a rapidly urbanizing world should be among the main goals. The realization of these objectives will be achieved through exploration of the urban health’s relation with built environment and neighborhood urban design also through awareness of the integration of the urban health with urban planning policies and urban design principles.
Citation - WoS: 4
Determination of Urban Sprawl Effects on Farmlands Value Using Gis
(2019) Karakayacı, Zuhal; Karakayacı, Özer
This paper presents to determine urban sprawl boundaries and the factors of affecting farmland value in urban sprawl. Urban sprawl index is calculated to identify its boundaries and Analytic Hierarchic Process Method is used for determined to weight for the factors. By using these weights in the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the value map is created. We illustrate that the farmlands in urban sprawls lost their properties and transformed into urban lands. The analyses revealed that farm criteria have no effect on the lands in urban sprawl. Both urban and rural solutions should be improved in order to prevent the abuse of fertile farmlands that occurred as a result of urban sprawl.
Citation - WoS: 2
Determining a Strategy for Sustainable Development of Local Identity: Case of Birgi (i̇zmir/Turkey)
(2018) Topçu, Kadriye
Today, it is difficult to retain and strengthen local character in the globalizing world. Showing the advantages of small towns and to strengthen their identities with focusing on ‘small realities in a globalizing world’’ by increasing the value of local differences is an important subject in the global atmosphere. From this point, taking the advantage of Birgi’s (Izmir/Turkey) having strong natural, man-made and cultural identity, this study aims to find out the most appropriate planning strategy for the sustainability of Birgi’s (İzmir-Turkey) local character and identity which was selected as a case study. This study made some on-site observations for establishing the existing local identity potentials of Birgi. After these observations, within the scope of the study, first of all, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT factors) of the settlement were identified. Additionally, to determine the most appropriate planning strategy, a numerical SWOT analysis called A’WOT analysis which is the combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis was used. Then, identified SWOT factors prioritized by an expert group (35 person) using A’WOT analysis. After finding general and local priority values of SWOT factors, four planning strategies were displayed by using TOWS matrix. Then, the most appropriate strategy among these planning strategies was chosen according to their priority values. In conclusion, it was found that “Entering to Slow City Movement” planning strategy is the most appropriate and important strategy between prioritized planning strategies for the sustainability of Birgi’s local identity.
Determining People's Design Priorities for Neighbourhood Units: a Study in Liverpool, Merseyside
(ICONARP, 2022) Levend, Sinan; Fischer, Thomas B.
Local planning authorities and developers aim at designing and regenerating neighbourhoods in which people want to live. However, this aim is difficult to achieve if participation is conducted poorly. As a result, people may live in places that are created according to the ideas of designers and the priorities of market conditions and not according to their own. Therefore, determining people's preferences is essential for livable and sustainable neighbourhood design. This paper introduces and tests a method for determining people's design preferences, namely an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. The method is basedon making pairwise comparisons of key design principles and structural factors of neighbourhood units. The testing was conducted in Liverpool city centre. Here, it was established that participants' priorities in neighbourhood design are safety, affordable housing and accessibility, respectively. Also, participants prefer to live in non-gated detached and semi-detached housing communities. This article offers an empirical contribution to the participatory neighbourhood planning literatüre.
The Effects of Transport Improvements on Economy and Development: a Research in Example of Konya High-Speed Rail
(Konya Technical University Faculty of Architecture and Design, 2020) Gonzalez , Jonatan; Karakayacı, Özer
In the last two decades, a major question in “Economic Geography” has experienced that growth of regions is related to the scale and nature of transport infrastructure’s contribution to the broader economy. Since the effects of transport infrastructure investments has sought to go beyond direct benefits resulting from the reduction in transport costs, understanding of the general economic effects generated by changes in transport infrastructure quality has taken on greater importance. However, it has not been possible to reach a general consensus on the typology, magnitude and way of the mechanisms that operate in this relationship, although theoretical and practical discussions coincide with affirming the existence of causal mechanisms between transport infrastructure and economic activities. This causal relationship may have different economic effects due to the variability of the other factors that define the particular economic behaviour of each geographical area. Upon on an accessibility approach, this paper aims to identify and analyze the effects of transport infrastructure investment in economic growth at regional level in Turkey. In this study, Konya High Speed Rail (KHSR) providing fast access to and from major metropolises such as Ankara and Istanbul has been chosen as the case study since Konya has experienced significant economic developments, together with the high speed train connection.
Citation - WoS: 2
Geographic Information Systems (gis) Based Accessibility Modelling Approach in Micro Scale Considering Physically Disabled Users: Case Study of Mimar Muzaffer Campus, Selcuk University
(2018) Ertuğay, Kıvanç
The concept of physical accessibility refers to the availability, capability, comfort, convenience of transportation processes considering different urban obstacles / barriers and costs. In this context, there are many approaches for the measurement and evaluation of physical accessibility in the literature which are used extensively as a decision support especially in transportation, geography and city and regional planning related disciplines. Although there are large number of modelling approaches on physical accessibility modelling in macro scales (such as national, regional, city and town scales), the research on physical accessibility modelling, in micro scales (such as street, human, neighbourhood scales), which couldconsider all the details of the perceived space seem to be extremely limited. This study, which emerged from this lack of accessibility modelling literature, proposes a Geographical Information System (GIS) supported methodology to demonstrate how physical obstacles / barriers such as “buildings, landscape areas, walls, steps, stairs, pits, unfitted street furniture, other (garbage, rubbles, trees etc. that prevent access) etc.” and transitions such as “ramps with appropriate slope, elevators and/or “removing walls / steps” could be defined in GIS environment and how access and circulation in (outdoor) urban space could be modelled considering these physical obstacles / barriers and transitions especially taking physically disabled users (users using wheelchair, bicycle, baby's car, market car etc.) into consideration in the micro scale. The proposed accessibility modelling methodology is conducted at Selçuk University, Faculty of Architecture, Mimar Muzaffer Campus Area. A polyline-based spatial GIS database has been developed to demonstrate how physical barriers and transitions could be modelled in micro scale in GIS environment in order to evaluate physical accessibility. The results of the study could provide an accessibility based decision support environment by visualizing and presenting how physical obstacles in urban space prevent physically disabled users from access and circulation and how the elimination or removal of these physical obstacles and creation of transitions will create a difference in access and circulation for the users in a comparable manner especially in micro scale. This study is thought to make a significant contribution to increase accessibility levels of physically disabled users (users using wheelchair, bicycle, baby's car, market car etc.) in the outdoor urban areas in terms of demonstrating their accessibility and circulation capabilities. The primitive experimental model related with this research was carried out with the participants of the accessibility measurement and modelling session at the 3rd National Disability Workshop which is held in Selcuk University, Mimar Muzaffer Campus dated 2-3 May 2018.
Citation - WoS: 8
Morphological Structures of Historical Turkish Cities
(2019) Topçu, Mehmet
In this study, morphological structures of the traditional fabrics of cities in Turkey, which have been shaped under the influence of various different cultures and geographical and climatic conditions in the historical process are presented via a mathematical interpretation. In this scope, spatial configuration and morphological structures of the historical cores of a total of fourteen cities selected from the seven geographical regions of Turkey, two cities from each (from the Marmara Region, Edirne and Bursa; from the Black Sea Region, Kastamonu and Trabzon; from the Central Anatolia Region, Sivas and Kayseri; from the Eastern Anatolia Region, Kars and Erzurum; from the Aegean Region, Muğla and Kütahya; from the South Eastern Anatolia Region, Urfa, Mardin and lastly from the Mediterranean Region, Tarsus and Antakya) region were analyzed comparatively using the Space Syntax method. In this method, the cities were analyzed in three main categories using eleven different parameters. These categories are convex space, axial space and syntactic space. Convex space analyzes were made using the paramters of convex articulation, convex deformation of the grid, grid convexity and convex ringness; axial space analyses were made using the paramters of axial articulation, axial integration of convex space, grid axiality and axial ringness; finally, syntactic space analyses were made using the parameters of integration, intelligibility and synergy. In conclusion, it could be said that historical fabrics of the cities in Turkey have synchronous structures, manifest regular reflections, have organic systems compared with the grid systems, and constitute higher intellibility and synergy.
Citation - WoS: 2
A Simulation-Based Accessibility Modeling Approach To Evaluate Performance of Transportation Networks by Using Directness Concept and Gis
(KONYA TECHNICAL UNIV, FAC ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN, 2019) Ertuğay, Kıvanç
Ranging from simple to sophisticated, numerous types of accessibility measures are found in the accessibility modeling literature which helps to understand accessibility of people, place and transportation networks. Transportation network directness (reciprocal is circuity), which is defined as the ratio of the shortest Euclidean distance over network distance between demand (origin) and destination (supply) points, could be considered as an important type of measure for understanding accessibility for a variety of context. Although there are several research and literature on transportation network directness and accessibility modeling, the research that integrates transportation network directness concept into accessibility modeling process in such a way to provide understanding of the overall accessibility performance of the transportation networks without losing the local interactions is quite limited. Based on this idea, the basic aim of this research is to propose a new transportation network directness-based accessibility modeling methodology that could be used to test both the local and the overall accessibility performance of transportation networks in a simple and comparable manner by using GIS. By considering regularly produced virtual origins and destinations on the transportation network in a simulation manner, the proposed methodology could produce travel time/distance based accessibility measures that could operate without a need for real time supply/demand or origin/destination data. The advantage of using a virtual regular data set instead of real time data is that; it is more simple, easy to operate and most importantly, more realistic to understand performance of transportation networks as most of the possible origin/destination scenarios could be represented in the proposed model. The outputs of the model could be widely used by the decision-makers who are supposed to deal with accessibility, location/allocation, and service/catchment area related issues by several aims such as; to test the overall/partial performance of the transportation networks, to understand the weakly connected parts of the transportation network and/or to compare the accessibility performance of different networks with each other. The proposed methodology is applied in 3 cities with different types of transportation network which are Paris, FRANCE (radial network); San Francisco, USA (grid network) and Ankara, TURKEY (mixed network) in order to able to demonstrate the performance and efficiency of the proposed model. The main focus of the case study is not to evaluate specific accessibility conditions or transportation network performance in a detailed manner but to provide a methodological discussion about the proposed directness based accessibility modeling process.
Citation - WoS: 1
Thinking With Universal Design in Historical Environment
(2018) Tutal, Osman; Topçu, Mehmet
Historical environment is a unique and irreplaceable resource which reflects the social, cultural and economic characteristics of the past societies (Donely, 2011). It is an integral part of local, regional and national cultural idendity. The environment especially consists of historical environment and buildings are significant because of their uses as place where people’s daily life activities. Moreover, meeting of social and cultural assets which societies have been figuring from the past with daily life turns into a resource for a sustainable future. However, it is generally impossible that those buildings which have been constructed in their own terms can satisfy the needs of today. In Turkey where the balance of protecting-using is on behalf of the first one, the protection policies and protection regulations exceedingly limit the intervention to the natural environments. Wishing that historical buildings are actualized into daily life on one hand and clamping down on accessing, visiting and using those buildings on the other hand leads to a serious discrepancy. However, the prominent examples which oversee the balance of protecting-using show that historical environments can be intervened through designing which will create or add values without compromising on protection. All sorts of interventions to be conducted consider the potential needs of the users without giving any harms to the originality of the building. Thus, it is expected that everyone can access the buildup area including the historical buildings, products and services and information equally and under equitable conditions. For that reason, making the built-upenvironment accessible, visitable and usable through universal design is one of the fundamental rights for the people who expand their daily living environment through accessibility and universal design. In this study, accessibility, visitability and usability of Bedesten Historical Site in the city of Konya are discussed through the theme of “Thinking through Universal design” and suggestions of designing are given in various scales (urban scale, street scale and building scale).
Citation - WoS: 4
Universal Design in Urban Public Spaces: the Case of Zafer Pedestrian Zone / Konya-Turkey
(2018) Meşhur, Havva Filiz; Yılmaz Çakmak, Bilgehan
Individuals in society who have different requirements and needs (disabled people, elders, children, prengnant women, parents with strollers etc.) go through many difficulties while accessing urban indoor and outdoor services due to the constraints originating from built environment. Universal design is the design of the environment and the product that can be used by all the people. With it's inclusive and unifying characteristics, universal design has become a design approach that have been adopted by the academia during the recent years. Planning and organizing the urban spaces with regard to the universal design principles will contribute to an increase in the life quality of all the people who use the city. This article aims to evaluate the usage of urban spaces in Zafer Pedestrian Zone, located in Konya city centre, within the scope of universal design principles. The concept of universal design in the historical process, universal design's emergence process and it's principles and significances has been discussed in the theoretical infrastructure section of the article. In the fieldwork section of the article, the suitability analysis of a chosen sample place's space usage have been carried out scrutinisingly under four chosen headlines, with regards to the universal design principles and standards.

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