Browsing by Author "Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadir"

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Citation - WoS: 1
The Effect of Case Hardening on the Natural Preservation of Stone Monuments, Fraktin Monument, Türkiye
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Korkanc, Mustafa; Ince, Ismail; Huseyinca, Mehmet Yavuz; Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadir; Hatir, Mehmet Ergun
Case-hardening processes that develop in monuments reduce the porosity of rocks while increasing surface hardness. This situation may contribute to the transfer of cultural stone heritage markers to future generations by limiting the penetration into the rock structure of water, which is the most destructive agent in atmospheric weathering processes. This study focused on the Fraktin relief monument, which was created by the Hittites in the 13th century BCE by carving into the rock surface. The site was investigated to reveal the case-hardening mechanism and its effects on the physical properties of the rock. The geochemical formation mechanism of the surface-hardening process, which contributed to the survival of the Fraktin relief monument, was examined by use of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and analysis by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the effect of the hardening on the physical properties of the rock was investigated with nondestructive tests applied both in situ and in a laboratory. The SEM-EDS and ICP-MS analyses revealed that amorphous silica filled the pores of the rock and created surface hardening. This situation has increased the geotechnical properties of the unit in which the monument was carved, making it more resistant to atmospheric processes.
Citation - WoS: 1
Investigation of the Relationships Between Direct and Semi-Direct P-Wave Velocity Measurement Techniques in Igneous Rocks
(Springer India, 2025) Ince, Ismail; Karakaya, Emre; Balci, Mehmet Can; Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadir
The non-destructive test of P-wave velocity has been commonly used to estimate the physical and strength values of materials (rocks, metals, concrete, etc.) in recent times in several disciplines (mining, geology, civil and materials engineering, archaeology, restoration, etc.). In general, direct measurement methods are commonly used for P-wave velocity, in recent times semi-direct and indirect measurement methods have begun to be chosen. In this study, cube samples with 10 cm edges were prepared from 41 different igneous rocks (plutonic, volcanic and pyroclastic). The correlations between P-wave velocities obtained with the direct measurement technique and the semi-direct measurement method were researched with the aid of simple regression (SR) and multiple linear regression (MLR). For the SR correlation of direct and semi-direct P-wave velocity, the lowest correlation coefficient was found to be 0.924. Values obtained with the semi-direct method for P-wave velocity measurement were larger than values obtained with direct measurement. Additionally, very high correlations were identified between the two measurement methods (>0.941) with MLR analysis.