Browsing by Author "Korkanc, Mustafa"

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Citation - WoS: 1
The Effect of Case Hardening on the Natural Preservation of Stone Monuments, Fraktin Monument, Türkiye
(Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Korkanc, Mustafa; Ince, Ismail; Huseyinca, Mehmet Yavuz; Tosunlar, Mehmet Bahadir; Hatir, Mehmet Ergun
Case-hardening processes that develop in monuments reduce the porosity of rocks while increasing surface hardness. This situation may contribute to the transfer of cultural stone heritage markers to future generations by limiting the penetration into the rock structure of water, which is the most destructive agent in atmospheric weathering processes. This study focused on the Fraktin relief monument, which was created by the Hittites in the 13th century BCE by carving into the rock surface. The site was investigated to reveal the case-hardening mechanism and its effects on the physical properties of the rock. The geochemical formation mechanism of the surface-hardening process, which contributed to the survival of the Fraktin relief monument, was examined by use of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and analysis by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the effect of the hardening on the physical properties of the rock was investigated with nondestructive tests applied both in situ and in a laboratory. The SEM-EDS and ICP-MS analyses revealed that amorphous silica filled the pores of the rock and created surface hardening. This situation has increased the geotechnical properties of the unit in which the monument was carved, making it more resistant to atmospheric processes.
Citation - Scopus: 3
The Effect of Wind and Solar Radiation on Deterioration Developments in Historic Buildings: Şeyh Osman Rumi Tomb, Central Turkey
(Springer, 2024) Hatir, M. Ergun; Ince, Ismail; Korkanc, Mustafa
Atmospheric processes play an important role in the deterioration of cultural stone heritage. In the development of these processes, the intensity of solar radiation and wind velocity, to which building stones are exposed, are the factors that directly determine the type and degree of deterioration. These factors play a determinative role in the development of atmospheric processes by varying according to the microclimatic environments around the cultural heritage. Solar and wind simulations can yield effective results in shedding light on the deterioration due to the microclimatic environments where historic buildings are located. In this study, the tomb of & Scedil;eyh Osman Rumi, where deteriorations resulting from the microclimatic environment effects created by trees, high buildings, and topography were observed, was examined. To this end, solar and wind effects in the building were investigated by De Luminae software and web-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation methods, respectively. According to the simulation results, the elements that make up the microclimatic environment caused variability in capillary levels by changing the wind direction and velocity with the solar radiation value on the monument facades and directly influenced the type and intensity of deterioration.
Laboratory Modelling of Fire Effects on Monuments Built With Pyroclastic Rocks: Niğde Region, Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ince, Ismail; Atas, Mehmet Sahin; Hatir, Mehmet Ergun; Korkanc, Mustafa
Fires can have devastating effects on cultural stone heritage. Micro and macro changes occur in building stones exposed to high temperatures. Micro changes also cause changes in the physical properties of rocks. These changes not only cause instant damage to the monuments, but also make them less resistant to atmospheric processes and increase the rate of deterioration. Modelling these changes in cultural heritage in a laboratory environment can play an important role in ensuring the continuity of monuments. For this purpose, pyroclastic rock taken from the Ni & gbreve;de (Turkey) region was subjected to heat-treatment and the changes in the samples were investigated with XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, spectrophotometry, porosity, P-wave velocity, capillary water absorption, and heat treatment loss. It was determined that the mineralogical changes in the structure of the rock with the increase in temperature affected various micro and macro properties.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 4
Leeb Hardness Approach in the Determination of Strength After Accelerated Weathering Tests
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2025) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Korkanc, Mustafa
This study aimed to investigate the usability of the Leeb hardness test in determining changes in strength as a result of atmospheric weathering in works of cultural heritage built with low-strength pyroclastic rocks. To this end, the effects of weathering processes on strength properties were investigated in two building stones commonly used in Niğde province located in the Cappadocia (Turkey) region, which contains the most important works of cultural heritage created using low-strength pyroclastic rocks. The index, strength, mineralogical, and petrographic properties of rocks were first investigated. Then, freeze–thaw (F-T) and salt crystallization (SC) tests, the weathering processes of which consisted of six periods, were performed on samples prepared in cubic form. After the F-T and SC processes, the macro change in the samples and changes in weight loss, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Leeb hardness (HL) values were determined. Highly correlated linear relationships were obtained between the SC and F-T cycles of the samples and the UCS and HL values. The HL test was applied to samples for which the UCS test could not be applied due to the loss of sample integrity after the advancing cycles of the accelerated weathering tests. Linear relationships with high correlation were determined between the UCS and HL values obtained from the samples after the accelerated weathering test. This study revealed that the HL approach could be used as an alternative in modeling the strength parameters of the weathering processes of the structures of cultural heritage built using low-strength rocks. © The International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works 2024.