Browsing by Author "Fener, Mustafa"

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Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Ancient Isaura Quarries in and Around Zengibar Castle (bozkir, Konya), Central Anatolia, Turkey
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2020) Gökçe, Mehmedi Vehbi; İnce, İsmail; Okuyucu, Cengiz; Doğanay, Osman; Fener, Mustafa
Zengibar Castle was built by the Isaurian during antique ages on the summit of Mount Asar, approximately 20 km west of the town of Bozkir, Konya, Turkey. The aims of this study are to determine the lithological, petrographic, and mechanical characteristics of the building stones that were used to construct the walls and buildings in Zengibar Castle in order to determine the quarrying techniques of these stones and to determine which structures they were used in. A number of antique quarries of various sizes were located in Isaura, four of which produced a significantly higher volume of building stones. These antique quarries were mostly located on hillsides in carbonate rock of the Late Triassic Dutdere formation located in the Bolkardagi Units and were run phase by phase. The porosity range of the rocks was found to be between 0.85 and 0.90% and the dry density and uniaxial compressive strength were found to range from 2.67 to 2.68 g/cm(3)and 83.10 to 96.60 MPa, respectively. The results of this study suggest that the stones that were quarried in these quarries were used as the main building material or flooring material in various constructions in Zengibar Castle, including religious buildings such as temples and chapels, social buildings such as dwellings, theaters, baths, fountains, and cemeteries, defense and security structures such as watchtowers, fortification walls, and city gates, in monumental tombs, and in stones in which reliefs and inscriptions were carved.
Citation - WoS: 26
Citation - Scopus: 33
Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Pyroclastic Rocks (cappadocia, Turkey) by Gene Expression Programming
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2019) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Fener, Mustafa; Kahraman, Sair
Compressive strength of rocks is an important factor in structural design in rock engineering. Compressive strength can be determined in the laboratory by means of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, or it can be estimated indirectly by simple experiments such as point load strength (PLT) test and Schmidt hammer rebound test. Although the UCS test method is time-consuming and expensive, it is simple when compared to other methods. Therefore, many studies have been performed to estimate UCS values of rocks. Studies indicated that correlation coefficient of rock groups is low unless they are classified as metamorphic, sedimentary, or volcanic. Pyroclastic rocks are widely used as construction materials because of the fact that they crop out over extensive areas in the world. To estimate the UCS values of pyroclastic rocks in Central and Western Anatolia region, Turkey, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis and gene expression programming (GEP) were employed and during the analysis, and PLT, rho(d), rho(s), and n were used as the independent variables. Based on the analysis results, it was detected that the GEP methods gave better results than MLR method. Additionally, the correlation coefficient (R-2) values of training and sets of validation of the GEP-I model are 0.8859 and 0.9325, respectively, and this model, thereby, is detected the best of generation individuals for prediction of the UCS.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strengths of Cappadocia Pyroclastic Rocks After Freeze-Thaw Cycles Using Point Load Strength Index
(PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC, 2024) İnce, İsmail; Balcı, Mehmet Can; Fener, Mustafa
In this study, the change in the strength value of 11 pyroclastic rocks from the Cappadocia region, where pyroclastic rocks are commonly found, using the freeze-thaw (F-T) test was investigated after applying 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 F-T cycles. The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the samples after applying the F-T cycle was estimated using the point load test (PLT) values. With the developed empirical relationship, it was identified that the PLT values predicted UCS with a high correlation coefficient of 0.8663.
Evaluation of the Deteriorations Observed in Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Complex (payas, Hatay)
(2023) Bozdağ, Ali; İnce, İsmail; Balcı, Mehmet Can; Fener, Mustafa
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 17
Evaluation of the Relationship Between the Physical Properties and Capillary Water Absorption Values of Building Stones by Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
(ELSEVIER, 2021) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Barstuğan, Mücahid; Fener, Mustafa
The most important factor in the movement of groundwater or mineral precipitation in building stones is the capillary water absorption properties of the rock. Besides, capillary water absorption is one of the most important parameters in the degradation process of building stones. The determination of the capillary water absorption values of rocks is a very time-consuming and sensitive process. In this study, the capillary water absorption values of 100 different rock samples were predicted by simple regression (SR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN) method using physical properties (dry density, P-wave velocity, porosity, water absorption of weight). In the evaluation performed by the SR, although the correlation coefficients in the relationships between the physical and capillary water absorption properties of rocks varied between 0.676 and 0.911, it was observed that the values predicted from these relationships for the samples with high capillary water absorption (C > 200 g/m(2)/s(0.5)) were deviated from the experimental values. In the MLR analysis, the highest correlation coefficient was found to be (R-2 : 0.708). Among the physical properties used as input parameters in the ANN method, the dry density property indicated the best correlation coefficient in the training (R-2 : 0.9587) and testing (R-2 : 0.9603) results. Furthermore, it was determined that the approach developed with the ANN was more reliable in predicting capillary water absorption values.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Evaluation of the Relationship between the Surface Hardness of Magmatic Building Blocks and Uniaxial Compressive Strength Values with Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks
(Acad Sci Czech Republic Inst Rock Structure & Mechanics, 2025) Ince, Ismail; Balci, Mehmet Can; Barstugan, Mucahid; Fener, Mustafa; Bozdag, Ali
Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values of rocks are the most important input parameter in rock mechanics and engineering applications. This parameter can be determined by laboratory tests and indirect methods. This study aimed to predict the UCS value with two different non-destructive testing techniques. To this end, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the values of Leeb hardness (HL) with low application energy and Schmidt hammer rebound hardness (SHR) with high application energy, which are among non-destructive testing techniques, of 95 different magmatic rocks (plutonic, volcanic, and pyroclastic) were determined. Simple regression (SR), multiple regression (MR), and artificial neural network (ANN) methods were employed to predict the UCS value. The models obtained using these methods were compared with each other. It was revealed that the model developed by ANN had the highest correlation number.
Investigation of the Deterioration Types Observed at the Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Mosque in Hatay Belen District
(2023) İnce, İsmail; Balcı, Mehmet Can; Bozdağ, Ali; Fener, Mustafa
One of the oldest cities in Anatolia and the meeting place of cultures and religions, Hatay was home to a variety of cultures. It is understood that historical life discoveries in the area date back to approximately 100.000 BC. In addition, Hatay and its surroundings have hosted many civilizations such as Akkadian Empire, Hittite, Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Seleucid Empire, Roman Empire, Umayyad, Abbasid, Seljuk, Byzantine Empire. This region, which remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for 4 centuries, was ruled by the French for a while after the First World War. The region joined the Republic of Türkiye in 1939. One of the significant Ottoman Empire structures in Hatay are Kanuni Süleyman Mosque and Caravanserai in Belen District. This cultural complex, which comprises of a mosque, han, hammam, madrasah and castle, essentially has the characteristics of a social complex in many ways. The central mosque of Belen, this temple, is still standing and available for prayer. In this study, in-situ visual analysis was used to examine the different types of deterioration that have developed in the Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Central Mosque and Complex The mosque, which is located in this ancient and holy temple, stands out as the structure where the effects of atmospheric deteriorations are most frequently noticed. It is anticipated that the study’s data on deterioration will serve as a crucial foundation for the conservation planning studies that will be created in order to pass possession of the monument to subsequent generations.
Investigation of the Earthquake Effects on the Cultural Heritages Built on the Rocks: the Case of Hatay Province
(2023) Bozdağ, Ali; Fener, Mustafa; Balcı, Mehmet Can; İnce, İsmail
Investigation of the Relationship Between Earthquake Intensity and Concrete Properties, the Example of Hatay Province
(BZT Academic Publishing, 2023) İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali; Fener, Mustafa; Balcı, Mehmet Can
Hatay is one of the provinces most affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquakes (7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw) that occurred on February 6, 2023. Post-disaster assessment studies of building stocks in the Hatay region were initiated shortly after the earthquake. As a result of the assessment studies, 67346 heavily damaged buildings were identified in the region exposed to the earthquake disaster. It has been determined that most of these structures (approximately 21800 buildings) are in Antakya district. In this study, in-situ non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques were used to determine the concrete quality of the building stock in order to determine the cause of this high rate of damage in the Antakya region. In this case, surface hardness value was determined with Schmidt hammer and P-wave velocities were measured. Within the scope of the study, the effects of earthquake intensity on concrete quality were investigated by selecting samples from buildings built close to each other and on the same soils in two different locations. It was determined that the NDT measurements were low in both locations, and the amount of damage to the buildings due to the earthquake was high.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 17
Investigation of the Relationships Between Basic Physical and Mechanical Properties and Abrasion Wear Resistance of Several Natural Building Stones Used in Turkey
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Mohammed, Abdualrahman Ali Adam; Fener, Mustafa; Çomaklı, Ramazan; İnce, İsmail; Balcı, Mehmet Can; Kayabalı, Kamil
From the past to the present, natural building stone has been used as construction materials in important buildings, architectural works, and civil engineering projects due to its characteristics, which include hardness, durability, decorative appearance, and easy shaping. Nevertheless, there are several significant properties such as abrasion resistance that limit its usability. Since natural stone wears over time, its abrasion wear resistance should be determined before use. One of the most widely used methods for testing to determine the abrasion resistance of natural stone is the Bohme abrasion test. However, this method has a number of disadvantages including sample preparation, labor, and difficult test procedures. Moreover, this testing device is not typically available in all laboratories or analysis centers. The aim of this study was to establish equations based on the basic physical and mechanical properties of natural building stone in order to estimate the abrasion wear resistance. Therefore, the relationships between the Bohme abrasion test results and the basic physical and mechanical properties such as porosity, percentage of water absorption by weight, dry unit weight, density, and uniaxial compressive strength of 22 different natural building stones, collected at different locations in Turkey, are analyzed statistically. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the best relationships, and all the obtained equations were assigned correlation coefficient (R-2) values. The results indicated that there are strong correlations between the Bohme abrasion test results and the basic physical properties of natural building stone, and a moderate relationship with uniaxial compressive strength.
Investigation of the Types of Deterioration Observed in Kozkalesi (hatay)
(Bzt Akademi Yayınevi, 2023) Fener, Mustafa; Balcı, Mehmet Can; İnce, İsmail; Bozdağ, Ali
Hatay, which is located between Asia, Europe and Africa continents and is the crossroads of civilizations throughout human history, stands out as a significant point for many cultures. Human beings living at this crossroads have managed to make geological environments a part of their lives and have made the most of the potential of these environments. Such structures are sometimes a shelter or temples carved into rock units, and sometimes they are defensive structures made as a sign of power and sovereignty. In this study, the Kozkalesi monument near the Kozkalesi neighborhood in Hatay province, where the types of deterioration caused by atmospheric and anthropological effects are widely observed, was examined. The material properties of this defense monument, which was built on a carbonated rock by leveling its surface, were investigated by non-destructive tests in-situ, and the deterioration that developed was determined by observation in-situ. In addition to providing information about some features of the rock in the region, the deterioration observed in Kozkalesi will form an important basis for conservation planning studies.
Predicting the Abrasion Resistance of the Building Stones by Using Gene Expression Programming
(2022) Bozdağ, Ali; Günaydın, Osman; Fener, Mustafa; İnce, İsmail