Bayram, Fatma2025-10-102025-10-1020251229-91971875-0052https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-025-01125-6https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/10860Ecosystems are increasingly threatened by intensive oil exploitation and frequent oil spills, underscoring the need for efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective separation technologies. In this study, a bio-based, magnetic, and superhydrophobic oil-water separation membrane was fabricated by electrospinning polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) nanofibers embedded with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) onto the surface of commercial cotton textiles (CT). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and characterized using FT-IR, XRD, UV-Vis, VSM, and TEM, revealing a uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 28.23 nm. Nanofibrous mats containing 1-3 wt% Fe3O4 were deposited onto CT to obtain membranes of varying thickness and magnetic responsiveness. The membranes were comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TGA, WCA, and tensile strength tests. The incorporation of PCL improved the flexibility and mechanical strength of the PLA matrix, while the addition of Fe3O4 significantly enhanced the thermal stability and surface roughness, contributing to increased hydrophobicity (maximum WCA: 155.43 degrees) and superoleophilicity (oil contact angle approximate to 0 degrees). The membranes exhibited excellent oil-water separation efficiency (> 98%), high permeation flux (> 8000 L<middle dot>m(-)(2)<middle dot>h(-)(1)), and notable oil absorption capacity (18.5 g/g), and could be easily recovered using an external magnet. Furthermore, the membrane maintained its separation efficiency over ten consecutive cycles, demonstrating high reusability. These findings suggest that PLA/PCL/Fe3O4-modified CT membranes offer a promising, eco-friendly, and reusable platform for practical oil spill remediation.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessPLAPCLMagnetic NanoparticleBiopolymeric Nanofibrous MatsSuperhydrophobic Cotton TextileOil-Water SeparationArticle10.1007/s12221-025-01125-62-s2.0-105015163867