Naz, SabaDeveci, IlyasShar, Zahid HussainSherazi, Syed Tufail HussainKandhro, Mansoor AhmedTopkafa, MustafaMahesar, Sarfaraz Ahmed2026-04-102026-04-1020262214-7144https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/13117https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109919Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE), a byproduct generated in large volumes by the vegetable oil refining industry, presents a significant environmental challenge due to its high oil content, flammability, and limited disposal options. Traditional disposal methods, such as landfilling, are not only environmentally harmful but also economically unsustainable. However, recent research highlights the potential of SBE as a low-cost and effective adsorbent for removing synthetic dyes and other pollutants from industrial wastewater, particularly in the textile sector. The physicochemical characteristics of SBE that enable its adsorption capabilities are explored, along with recent advancements in its regeneration and modification for improved dye removal efficiency. Its performance is also evaluated compared to conventional adsorbents. By emphasizing SBE's role in wastewater treatment, the potential of repurposing it as a sustainable solution that aligns with circular economy principles is highlighted. Current challenges, regulatory considerations, and future perspectives on scaling up the application of SBE in industrial wastewater treatment processes are also discussed.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEnvironmental RemediationReuse of WasteAdsorbentRegenerationSustainableWastewater TreatmentDye RemovalSpent Bleaching EarthArticle10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109919