Khoo, Ying SiewLau, Woei JyeLiang, Yong YeowKaraman, MustafaGürsoy, MehmetLai, Gwo SungIsmail, Ahmad Fauzi2021-12-132021-12-1320212213-3437https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105227https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/849In this work, an environmentally friendly plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique was employed to rapidly alter the surface properties of commercial thin film composite extra-low energy (XLE) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane to improve its fouling resistance and desalination performance. Hereafter, two different hydrophilic precursors, i.e., aniline monomer and oxygen (O-2) gas were respectively introduced to the membrane's polyamide surface at different plasma treatment duration (15 s and 60 s). At 15-s plasma treatment, our results revealed that the O2-modified membrane outperformed the polyaniline (PANI)-modified membrane and unmodified membrane, attributed to the polar functional groups presented on the polyamide surface. Compared to plasma polymerization of aniline, O-2 plasma etching can lower polyamide densification degree which potentially reduce membrane resistance. Evidently, the O-2-modified membrane exhibited higher pure water permeability (6.64 L/m(2).h.bar) compared to the PANI-modified membrane (5.57 L/m(2).h.bar). The enhanced surface hydrophilicity of O-2-modified membrane could be noticed when its water contact angle was reduced from 88.39 degrees (unmodified) to 79.46 degrees in just 15-s plasma treatment. Furthermore, this O-2-modified membrane achieved an outstanding NaCl and Na2SO4 rejection with an increment of 4.2% and 2.6%, respectively compared to the unmodified membrane. However, prolonged gas plasma treatment (60 s) should be avoided as it can damage polyamide selective layer. With respect to fouling resistance, the best O-2-modified membrane demonstrated higher flux recovery rate (96%) than that of unmodified membrane (76.5%) after being used to filter 1000-ppm sodium alginate solution. These results highlighted the versatility of O-2 plasma treatment to improve RO membrane performance.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessSurface modificationRO membranePECVDHydrophilic precursorsAnti-foulingArticle10.1016/j.jece.2021.1052272-s2.0-85101375720