Öğütçu, S.Alcay, S.Özdemir, Behlül NumanLi, P.Zhang, Y.Konukseven, C.Atiz, O.F.2022-11-282022-11-2820220273-1177https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.10.016https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2022.10.016https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/3173As of 2021, a total of four different GNSS constellations – namely, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BDS-3 – can be used with Full Operational Capability (FOC). In this work, the contribution of BDS-3 FOC to GPS + GLONASS + Galileo (GRE) PPP-AR is investigated, considering the three different cut-off angles (7°, 30°, and 45°) and different lengths of static observation sessions (24-, 12-, 6-, 3-, 1-, 0.5-, 0.25-hour). The data of 31 IGS-MGEX stations is processed with GRE PPP-AR and GREC3 (GPS + GLONASS (using float mode) + Galileo + BDS-3) PPP-AR modes. The results showed that BDS-3 degraded the horizontal (except for 24-h sessions) and vertical accuracy of static GRE PPP-AR solutions regardless of the elevation cutoff angle and observation time. The kinematic results showed that BDS-3 significantly contributed to the accuracy of GRE kinematic PPP-AR for 30° and 45° cutoff angles. The convergence time analysis showed that BDS-3 only contributes to GRE kinematic PPP-AR for the vertical component. © 2022 COSPAReninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAmbiguity resolutionBDS-3IGS-MGEXPPPGlobal positioning systemAmbiguity resolutionBDS-3Full operational capabilitiesGALILEOGLONASSIGS-MGEXOff-anglePerformancePPPVertical accuracyKinematicsArticle10.1016/j.asr.2022.10.0162-s2.0-85140302668