Ayso, EmreKahveci, Muzaffer2025-07-102025-07-1020250957-02331361-6501https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/adddd3https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/10151Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology has been continuously improved to provide high-precision positioning accuracy, leading to intensive research on new algorithms, models, and correction techniques. However, significant challenges arise when providing such levels of accuracy, with signal path errors being the primary source of these difficulties. Signal path (satellite to receiver pseudorange) errors typically arise from factors such as satellite orbits and clocks, atmospheric effects, multipath, instruments, phase wind-up, site displacement, and ambiguities. In addition to these challenges, relativistic effects also play a crucial role in positioning processes. This study focuses on the three basic components of the relativistic effect from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The first component is the Earth's rotation correction (ERC), which accounts for the impact of Earth's rotation during signal travel time. This effect has been addressed in the literature with limited resources, and its compensation has largely been overlooked. Other key relativistic effects examined in this study are the relativistic clock correction (RCC), which is automatically corrected in processing software without users being aware, and the relativistic path range correction (RPRC), which is often neglected. In this context, the variations in satellite coordinates and velocities during signal travel time, influenced by the ERC, are examined in detail. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the effects of ERC, RCC, and RPRC on the signal path and the positioning accuracy in both the horizontal and vertical components for GNSS receivers on the ground.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessEarth's RotationPrecise Point PositioningRelativistic Clock CorrectionRelativistic Path Range CorrectionSignal PathArticle10.1088/1361-6501/adddd32-s2.0-105008442915