Ogutcu, S.Alcay, S.Duman, H.Ozdemir, B.N.Konukseven, C.2023-12-092023-12-0920230273-1177https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.09.025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13091/4873Recently, low-cost GNSS receivers have played a significant role in displacement monitoring studies due to the increasing availability of mass-market applications. In this work, the performance of static and kinematic PPP-AR using a low-cost u-blox ZED-F9P GNSS receiver in monitoring displacements is investigated by comparing it with a geodetic-grade GNSS receiver using a displacement simulation apparatus. The capability to determine the horizontal displacement direction is also investigated for both receivers. The results showed that one-sigma horizontal / vertical RMSEs computed from the true displacements and computed displacements are 1.4 / 5.6 mm and 2.6 / 8.4 mm for the geodetic and u-blox receivers, respectively, using 24-h data with static GPS + GLONASS PPP-AR. It is found that GLONASS contribution to GPS-only static PPP is more evident for the u-blox receiver compared with the geodetic one. RMSEs are found to be higher as observation times are decreased. The post-processed kinematic test results showed that minimum 10 / 20 and 20 / 30 mm horizontal / vertical dynamic displacements can be visually detected as an offset from the daily time series for the geodetic and u-blox receivers, respectively. © 2023 COSPAReninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDisplacementGNSSPPP-ARU-bloxCostsGeodesyGeodetic satellitesKinematicsSignal receiversDisplacementDisplacement monitoringGLONASSGNSSGNSS receiversLow-costsMass-market applicationsPerformancePPP-ARU-bloxGlobal positioning systemArticle10.1016/j.asr.2023.09.0252-s2.0-85173068738