Narenciye Atıklarında Bulunan Fonksiyonel Bileşiklerinayrıştırılması ve Toplam Fenol Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
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2022
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Konya Teknik Üniversitesi
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Abstract
u tez çalışmasında meyve işleme sektöründe atık olarak meydana gelen portakal kabuklarında bulunun değerli bileşenlerin geri kazanılması için süperkritik-CO2 (SK- CO2) ekstraksiyonu, soxhlet ekstraksiyonu ve ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Portakal kabuğundaki fenolik maddelerin SK-CO2 ile ekstraksiyon verimini etkileyen; sıcaklık (40 – 61,5 oC) ve basınç, (8,5 – 31,5 MPa) gibi temel işletme parametreleri Box-Behnken yöntem metodolojisi kullanılarak tasarlanmıştır ve parametrelerin geri kazanıma etkisi araştırılmıştır. Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemi ve ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yönteminde çözücü olarak etanol kullanılarak %50, %80, %100 etanol/su oranlarında 2 saatlik ekstraksiyon işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekstaktlarda toplam fenolik madde (TF), antioksidan aktivite (AA) ve toplam flavonoid madde (TFM) içeriği analizleri gerçekleştirilerek verim kıyaslaması yapılmıştır. Süperkritik ekstraksiyonda en iyi TF kazanımı 61,5oC ve 20 MPa da 8,5 mg GAE/g KM olarak bulunurken, bu değer soxhlet ekstraksiyonunda 22,5 mg GAE/g KM, ultrason destekli ekstraksiyon yönteminden ise 36,8 mg GAE/g KM olarak bulunmuştur.
In this thesis, valuable components of orange peels, which are generated as waste in fruit processing industry, were recoverd by using Supercritical-CO2 extraction (SK- CO2), Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction methods. Basic operating parameters which influence the extraction efficiency of the phenolic substances such as extraction time, temperature (40 – 61.5 C), pressure, (8.5 –31.5 MPa) were designed using Box-Behnken methodology and the effects of parameters on recovery were investigated. In the Soxhlet extraction method and ultrasound assisted extraction method, extraction processes were carried out at 50%, 80%, 100% ethanol/water ratios in a 2-hour extraction period. Comparisons of the recovery efficiencies were carried out by analyzing total phenolic content (TF), antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the extracts. Maximum recovered TF in SK-CO2 extraction was found as 8.5 mg GAE/g DM at 61.5 C, 20Mpa, this value was found as 22.5 mg GAE/g DM in Soxhlet extraction and 36.8 mg GAE/g DM in ultrasound assisted extraction methods.
In this thesis, valuable components of orange peels, which are generated as waste in fruit processing industry, were recoverd by using Supercritical-CO2 extraction (SK- CO2), Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction methods. Basic operating parameters which influence the extraction efficiency of the phenolic substances such as extraction time, temperature (40 – 61.5 C), pressure, (8.5 –31.5 MPa) were designed using Box-Behnken methodology and the effects of parameters on recovery were investigated. In the Soxhlet extraction method and ultrasound assisted extraction method, extraction processes were carried out at 50%, 80%, 100% ethanol/water ratios in a 2-hour extraction period. Comparisons of the recovery efficiencies were carried out by analyzing total phenolic content (TF), antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the extracts. Maximum recovered TF in SK-CO2 extraction was found as 8.5 mg GAE/g DM at 61.5 C, 20Mpa, this value was found as 22.5 mg GAE/g DM in Soxhlet extraction and 36.8 mg GAE/g DM in ultrasound assisted extraction methods.
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Çevre Mühendisliği, Environmental Engineering, Anahtar kelime, Keyword, Anahtar kelime yöntemi, Keyword method
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