Hassas Trigonometrik Nivelmanın Doğruluk Analizi Üzerine Bir Çalışma
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2024
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Konya Teknik Üniversitesi
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Günümüzde yükseklik belirlenmelerinde yaygın olarak geometrik, trigonometrik ve GNSS nivelman teknikleri uygulanmaktadır. Gerek bilimsel çalışmalarda gerekse her türlü mühendislik projelerinde ilk akla gelen yöntem geometrik nivelman tekniğidir. Geometrik nivelman tekniğinin özellikle engebeli arazilerde birçok model hatalarında etkilenmesi ve uygulamasının zor ve zaman alıcı olması nedeniyle, alternatif yöntem arayışında yeni geliştirilen yüksek doğruluklu düşey açı ve uzunluk gözlemleri yapabilen total stationların kullanılması ile trigonometrik nivelman tekniklerinin doğruluklarının yeniden araştırılmasını güncel hale getirmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında, güncel donanımlar ile trigonometrik nivelman tekniklerinin doğruluklarının araştırılası amaç edinilmiştir. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak trigonometrik nivelman tekniklerine ait ölçme modelini etkileyen hatalar ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, trigonometrik nivelman tekniklerinden beklenen teorik doğruluklar ile test alanında yapılan ölçmeler sonucu elde edilen karesel ortalama hatalar karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, tek taraflı ve ortadan trigonometrik nivelman teknikleri ile ±5mm altı doğruluklara ulaşılabilindiği, karşılıklı trigonometrik nivelmanda ise ±1.98mm'lik doğruluk elde edilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmeler ışığında, özellikle karşılıklı trigonometrik nivelman tekniğinin karayolu, demiryolu, tünel vb. birçok alt yapı ve üs yapı projelerinde geometrik nivelman yerine trigonometrik nivelman tekniğinin kullanılmasının çalışmalarda zaman ve maliyet yönüyle bazı avantaj sağlayacağı söylenebilir.
Today geometric, trigonometric and GNSS levelling techniques are widely used in height determinations. The first method that comes to mind in both scientific studies and all kinds of engineering projects is the geometric levelling technique. Since the geometric levelling technique is affected by many model errors especially is rugged lands and its application is difficult and time taking, it has made up to date the re-research of trigonometric levelling techniques with the use of newly developed vertical angle and length observations in search of alternative methods. The aim is to investigate the accuracy of these trigonometric levelling techniques . For this purpose, the errors affecting the measurement model of trigonometric levelling techniques were first discussed and the theoretical accuracy expected from the trigonometric levelling techniques and the mean squared errors obtained as a result of the measurements made in the test area were compared. As a result unilateral and intermediate point trigonometric levelling techniques can be reached under ±5.00 mm accuracy. Beside reciprocal trigonometric levelling technique can be reached ±1.98 mm accuracy. As a result of these evaluaitons, it has been concluded that especially the reciprocal trigonometric levelling technique can be used in highways, railways , tunnels, etc. It can be said that using the trigonometric levelling technique instead of geometric levelling ın many infrastructure and base building projects will provide some advantages in terms of time and cost.
Today geometric, trigonometric and GNSS levelling techniques are widely used in height determinations. The first method that comes to mind in both scientific studies and all kinds of engineering projects is the geometric levelling technique. Since the geometric levelling technique is affected by many model errors especially is rugged lands and its application is difficult and time taking, it has made up to date the re-research of trigonometric levelling techniques with the use of newly developed vertical angle and length observations in search of alternative methods. The aim is to investigate the accuracy of these trigonometric levelling techniques . For this purpose, the errors affecting the measurement model of trigonometric levelling techniques were first discussed and the theoretical accuracy expected from the trigonometric levelling techniques and the mean squared errors obtained as a result of the measurements made in the test area were compared. As a result unilateral and intermediate point trigonometric levelling techniques can be reached under ±5.00 mm accuracy. Beside reciprocal trigonometric levelling technique can be reached ±1.98 mm accuracy. As a result of these evaluaitons, it has been concluded that especially the reciprocal trigonometric levelling technique can be used in highways, railways , tunnels, etc. It can be said that using the trigonometric levelling technique instead of geometric levelling ın many infrastructure and base building projects will provide some advantages in terms of time and cost.
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Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri, Geodesy and Photogrammetry
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